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Med Surg 1 > type II diabetic medications > Flashcards

type II diabetic medications Flashcards

1
Q

what do second generation sulfonylureas end in?

A

IDE

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2
Q

glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) are what class of type II diabetes medications?

A

second generation sulfonylureas

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3
Q

what is the action of glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl)?

A

stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin

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4
Q

glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) are often used in addition to which medication? why?

A

metformin – it aids in insulin sensitization, the sulfonylureas increases the availability of insulin

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5
Q

glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) have a high risk of _____

A

hypoglycemia

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6
Q

when and with which kinds of patients does the risk for hypoglycemia increase with sulfonylureas?

A

4-6 hours after a meal
elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function

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7
Q

three side effects of glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl)

A

hypoglycemia
GI effects
weight gain

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8
Q

what medications do glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) interact with?

A

NSAIDS
sulfa
coumadin

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9
Q

biguanides end in what?

A

MIN

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10
Q

what class is metformin (glucophage) a part of?

A

biguanides

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11
Q

what is the action of metformin?

A

inhibits production of glucose by liver, increases sensitivity to insulin

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12
Q

you must know ____ before giving metformin

A

creatinine level

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13
Q

side effects of metformin

A

lactic acidosis
hypoglycemia
drug interactions

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14
Q

metformin is contraindicated with….

A

renal impairment
liver impairment
alcohol use
IV contrast dye

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15
Q

drinking alcohol while taking metformin increases the risks of …..

A

lactic acidosis
renal impairment
liver impairment

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16
Q

Acarbose and Miglitol are what kinds of oral antidiabetics?

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

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17
Q

how do Acarbose and Miglitol work?

A

delays absorption of complex carbs intestine and slows entry of glucose

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18
Q

what are the 3 side effects of Acarbose and Miglitol?

A

hypoglycemia
GI side effects
flatulence

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19
Q

what is important about Acarbose and Miglitol?

A

they must be taken with the first bite of food

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20
Q

Non-Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues end in…

A

INIDE

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21
Q

repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) are what type of medication?

A

non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues

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22
Q

how do repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) work?

A

stimulate pancreas to secrete insulin

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23
Q

repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) have rapid ____ and short ___

A

rapid action and short half life

24
Q

what is important about repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix)?

A

you must eat rapidly after taking

25
Q

side effects of repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix)

A

hypoglycemia
weight gain

26
Q

repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) interact with ______

A

antifungals

27
Q

what do thiazolidinediones end in?

A

GLITAZONE

28
Q

what class are pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) a part of?

A

thiazolidinediones

29
Q

how do pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) work?

A

makes body tissue sensitive to insulin and stimulates receptor sites to lower blood glucose

30
Q

what are the 7 side effects of pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia)?

A

hypoglycemia
anemia
weight gain
edema
liver dysfunction
affects platelet fromation
HLP

31
Q

contraindications of pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) and why

A

heart failure and cardiovascular disease

they increase circulating volume and can cause or exacerbate CHF as a result

32
Q

Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL-2) end in?

A

FLOZIN

33
Q

dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance) are what type of type II medication?

A

sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL-2)

34
Q

how do dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance) work?

A

prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into blood and then releasing into the urine

35
Q

side effects of dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance)

A

UTI
hypoglycemia
increased LDL and HDL

36
Q

what is important about dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance)

A

for type II only

37
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidas-4 inhibitors (DDP-4) end in?

A

IPTIN

38
Q

what class do sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin belong to?

A

Dipeptidyl peptidas-4 inhibitors (DDP-4)

39
Q

how do sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin work?

A

increases and prolongs incretin – increases insulin release

40
Q

what is incretin

A

a hormone the releases insulin and decreases glucagon levels

41
Q

incretin is increased and prolonged with which medications?

A

sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin (DDP-4)

42
Q

sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin increase insulin release largely in response to what?

A

an increase in blood glucose post prandial

43
Q

what is the risk for with sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin?

A

pancreatitis

44
Q

what should the patient report when taking sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin?

A

jaundice
intense abdominal pain
gray-blue discoloration of periumbilical area
(signs of pancreatitis)

45
Q

5 side effects of sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin

A

UTI
head aches
GI upset
sore throat
hypoglycemia

46
Q

Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1) end in?

A

UTIDE

47
Q

litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic) belong to which class?

A

GLP-1

48
Q

GLP-1 are daily ______

A

injections

49
Q

action of litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic)

A

enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying

50
Q

6 side effects of litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic)

A

pancreatitis
weight loss
GI upset
N/V
injection site reaction
cough

51
Q

litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic) are contrindicated in ________

A

gastroparesis

52
Q

Tirzepatide (mounjaro) is the first ever combo drug of what classes of medications?

A

GLP-1 and glucose dependent insulintropic polypeptide (GIP)

53
Q

Tirzepatide (mounjaro) is a daily _____

A

injection

54
Q

how does Tirzepatide (mounjaro) work?

A

enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, increases insulin sensitivity, decreases food intake

55
Q

what is special about the action of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)

A

it enhances the first and second phase of insulin sensitivity (two receptors)

56
Q

7 side effects of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)

A

increased risk of thyroid cancer
pancreatitis
weight loss
GI upset
N/V
injection site reaction
cough

57
Q

contrindications of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)

A

gastroparesis
renal injury patients

Med Surg 1 (5 decks)

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