type II diabetic medications Flashcards
what do second generation sulfonylureas end in?
IDE
glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) are what class of type II diabetes medications?
second generation sulfonylureas
what is the action of glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl)?
stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin
glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) are often used in addition to which medication? why?
metformin – it aids in insulin sensitization, the sulfonylureas increases the availability of insulin
glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) have a high risk of _____
hypoglycemia
when and with which kinds of patients does the risk for hypoglycemia increase with sulfonylureas?
4-6 hours after a meal
elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function
three side effects of glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl)
hypoglycemia
GI effects
weight gain
what medications do glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) interact with?
NSAIDS
sulfa
coumadin
biguanides end in what?
MIN
what class is metformin (glucophage) a part of?
biguanides
what is the action of metformin?
inhibits production of glucose by liver, increases sensitivity to insulin
you must know ____ before giving metformin
creatinine level
side effects of metformin
lactic acidosis
hypoglycemia
drug interactions
metformin is contraindicated with….
renal impairment
liver impairment
alcohol use
IV contrast dye
drinking alcohol while taking metformin increases the risks of …..
lactic acidosis
renal impairment
liver impairment
Acarbose and Miglitol are what kinds of oral antidiabetics?
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
how do Acarbose and Miglitol work?
delays absorption of complex carbs intestine and slows entry of glucose
what are the 3 side effects of Acarbose and Miglitol?
hypoglycemia
GI side effects
flatulence
what is important about Acarbose and Miglitol?
they must be taken with the first bite of food
Non-Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues end in…
INIDE
repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) are what type of medication?
non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues
how do repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) work?
stimulate pancreas to secrete insulin
repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) have rapid ____ and short ___
rapid action and short half life
what is important about repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix)?
you must eat rapidly after taking
side effects of repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix)
hypoglycemia
weight gain
repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) interact with ______
antifungals
what do thiazolidinediones end in?
GLITAZONE
what class are pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) a part of?
thiazolidinediones
how do pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) work?
makes body tissue sensitive to insulin and stimulates receptor sites to lower blood glucose
what are the 7 side effects of pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia)?
hypoglycemia
anemia
weight gain
edema
liver dysfunction
affects platelet fromation
HLP
contraindications of pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) and why
heart failure and cardiovascular disease
they increase circulating volume and can cause or exacerbate CHF as a result
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL-2) end in?
FLOZIN
dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance) are what type of type II medication?
sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL-2)
how do dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance) work?
prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into blood and then releasing into the urine
side effects of dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance)
UTI
hypoglycemia
increased LDL and HDL
what is important about dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance)
for type II only
Dipeptidyl peptidas-4 inhibitors (DDP-4) end in?
IPTIN
what class do sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin belong to?
Dipeptidyl peptidas-4 inhibitors (DDP-4)
how do sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin work?
increases and prolongs incretin – increases insulin release
what is incretin
a hormone the releases insulin and decreases glucagon levels
incretin is increased and prolonged with which medications?
sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin (DDP-4)
sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin increase insulin release largely in response to what?
an increase in blood glucose post prandial
what is the risk for with sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin?
pancreatitis
what should the patient report when taking sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin?
jaundice
intense abdominal pain
gray-blue discoloration of periumbilical area
(signs of pancreatitis)
5 side effects of sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin
UTI
head aches
GI upset
sore throat
hypoglycemia
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1) end in?
UTIDE
litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic) belong to which class?
GLP-1
GLP-1 are daily ______
injections
action of litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic)
enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying
6 side effects of litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic)
pancreatitis
weight loss
GI upset
N/V
injection site reaction
cough
litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic) are contrindicated in ________
gastroparesis
Tirzepatide (mounjaro) is the first ever combo drug of what classes of medications?
GLP-1 and glucose dependent insulintropic polypeptide (GIP)
Tirzepatide (mounjaro) is a daily _____
injection
how does Tirzepatide (mounjaro) work?
enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, increases insulin sensitivity, decreases food intake
what is special about the action of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)
it enhances the first and second phase of insulin sensitivity (two receptors)
7 side effects of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)
increased risk of thyroid cancer
pancreatitis
weight loss
GI upset
N/V
injection site reaction
cough
contrindications of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)
gastroparesis
renal injury patients
