type II diabetic medications

Question 1

what do second generation sulfonylureas end in?

Answer 1

IDE

Question 2

glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) are what class of type II diabetes medications?

Answer 2

second generation sulfonylureas

Question 3

what is the action of glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl)?

Answer 3

stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin

Question 4

glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) are often used in addition to which medication? why?

Answer 4

metformin – it aids in insulin sensitization, the sulfonylureas increases the availability of insulin

Question 5

glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) have a high risk of _____

Answer 5

hypoglycemia

Question 6

when and with which kinds of patients does the risk for hypoglycemia increase with sulfonylureas?

Answer 6

4-6 hours after a meal
elderly patients and patients with impaired renal function

Question 7

three side effects of glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl)

Answer 7

hypoglycemia
GI effects
weight gain

Question 8

what medications do glipizide (glucatrol), glyburide (diabeta), and glimepiride (amaryl) interact with?

Answer 8

NSAIDS
sulfa
coumadin

Question 9

biguanides end in what?

Answer 9

MIN

Question 10

what class is metformin (glucophage) a part of?

Answer 10

biguanides

Question 11

what is the action of metformin?

Answer 11

inhibits production of glucose by liver, increases sensitivity to insulin

Question 12

you must know ____ before giving metformin

Answer 12

creatinine level

Question 13

side effects of metformin

Answer 13

lactic acidosis
hypoglycemia
drug interactions

Question 14

metformin is contraindicated with….

Answer 14

renal impairment
liver impairment
alcohol use
IV contrast dye

Question 15

drinking alcohol while taking metformin increases the risks of …..

Answer 15

lactic acidosis
renal impairment
liver impairment

Question 16

Acarbose and Miglitol are what kinds of oral antidiabetics?

Answer 16

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 17

how do Acarbose and Miglitol work?

Answer 17

delays absorption of complex carbs intestine and slows entry of glucose

Question 18

what are the 3 side effects of Acarbose and Miglitol?

Answer 18

hypoglycemia
GI side effects
flatulence

Question 19

what is important about Acarbose and Miglitol?

Answer 19

they must be taken with the first bite of food

Question 20

Non-Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues end in…

Answer 20

INIDE

Question 21

repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) are what type of medication?

Answer 21

non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues

Question 22

how do repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) work?

Answer 22

stimulate pancreas to secrete insulin

Question 23

repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) have rapid ____ and short ___

Answer 23

rapid action and short half life

Question 24

what is important about repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix)?

Answer 24

you must eat rapidly after taking

Question 25

side effects of repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix)

Answer 25

hypoglycemia weight gain

Question 26

repaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix) interact with ______

Answer 26

antifungals

Question 27

what do thiazolidinediones end in?

Answer 27

GLITAZONE

Question 28

what class are pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) a part of?

Answer 28

thiazolidinediones

Question 29

how do pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) work?

Answer 29

makes body tissue sensitive to insulin and stimulates receptor sites to lower blood glucose

Question 30

what are the 7 side effects of pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia)?

Answer 30

hypoglycemia anemia weight gain edema liver dysfunction affects platelet fromation HLP

Question 31

contraindications of pioglitazone (actos) and rosiglitazone (avandia) and why

Answer 31

heart failure and cardiovascular disease they increase circulating volume and can cause or exacerbate CHF as a result

Question 32

Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL-2) end in?

Answer 32

FLOZIN

Question 33

dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance) are what type of type II medication?

Answer 33

sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGL-2)

Question 34

how do dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance) work?

Answer 34

prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into blood and then releasing into the urine

Question 35

side effects of dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance)

Answer 35

UTI hypoglycemia increased LDL and HDL

Question 36

what is important about dapagliflozin (farxiga) , anagliflozin (invokana), empagliflozin (jardiance)

Answer 36

for type II only

Question 37

Dipeptidyl peptidas-4 inhibitors (DDP-4) end in?

Answer 37

IPTIN

Question 38

what class do sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin belong to?

Answer 38

Dipeptidyl peptidas-4 inhibitors (DDP-4)

Question 39

how do sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin work?

Answer 39

increases and prolongs incretin -- increases insulin release

Question 40

what is incretin

Answer 40

a hormone the releases insulin and decreases glucagon levels

Question 41

incretin is increased and prolonged with which medications?

Answer 41

sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin (DDP-4)

Question 42

sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin increase insulin release largely in response to what?

Answer 42

an increase in blood glucose post prandial

Question 43

what is the risk for with sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin?

Answer 43

pancreatitis

Question 44

what should the patient report when taking sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin?

Answer 44

jaundice intense abdominal pain gray-blue discoloration of periumbilical area (signs of pancreatitis)

Question 45

5 side effects of sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin

Answer 45

UTI head aches GI upset sore throat hypoglycemia

Question 46

Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1) end in?

Answer 46

UTIDE

Question 47

litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic) belong to which class?

Answer 47

GLP-1

Question 48

GLP-1 are daily ______

Answer 48

injections

Question 49

action of litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic)

Answer 49

enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying

Question 50

6 side effects of litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic)

Answer 50

pancreatitis weight loss GI upset N/V injection site reaction cough

Question 51

litaglutide (victozia) dulaglutide (trulicity), and semaglutide (ozempic) are contrindicated in ________

Answer 51

gastroparesis

Question 52

Tirzepatide (mounjaro) is the first ever combo drug of what classes of medications?

Answer 52

GLP-1 and glucose dependent insulintropic polypeptide (GIP)

Question 53

Tirzepatide (mounjaro) is a daily _____

Answer 53

injection

Question 54

how does Tirzepatide (mounjaro) work?

Answer 54

enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, increases insulin sensitivity, decreases food intake

Question 55

what is special about the action of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)

Answer 55

it enhances the first and second phase of insulin sensitivity (two receptors)

Question 56

7 side effects of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)

Answer 56

increased risk of thyroid cancer pancreatitis weight loss GI upset N/V injection site reaction cough

Question 57

contrindications of Tirzepatide (mounjaro)

Answer 57

gastroparesis renal injury patients