oxygen delivery systems Flashcards
nasal cannula flow rate
1-6L/min
nasal cannula FiO2
24%-44%
a higher flow rate increases _________
mucosal irritation and drying
low flow systems
nasal cannula
simple face mask
partial rebreather
non-rebreather masks
simple face mask FiO2
40%-60%
simple face mask minimum flow rate
5L/min
what is a simple face mask used for
used for SHORT term oxygen therapy emergencies
partial rebreather FiO2
60%-75%
flow rate partial rebreather mask
11L/min
how does the partial rebreather increase the FiO2
with each breathe the patient inhales 1/3 of the exhaled tidal volume
non rebreather FiO2
greater than 90% depending on the patient’s breathing pattern
what is the highest oxygen level of the low flow systems
non rebreather masks
flow rate of non rebreather
10-15 L/min
why is the non rebreather flow rate kept at 10-15 L/min
to keep the reservoir bag inflated
characteristics of the non rebreather mask
one way valve between the mask and reservoir bag and two flaps over the exhalation ports
high flow systems:
high flow nasal cannula
venturi mask
aerosol mask, face tent, tracheostomy collar
when properly fitted, high flow systems deliver an _____
accurate level of oxygen
high flow systems O2 concentrations and flow rates
range from:
24-100%
8-15L/min
high flow nasal cannula flow rate
60L/min
high flow nasal cannula can give up to 60L/min of ___
humidified and heated medical gas
the high flow nasal cannula is used primarily for ____
neonates
why is the high flow nasal cannula good for neonates and critically ill?
it improves alveolar ventilation while decreasing anatomical dead space
what mask delivers the most accurate oxygen concentration without intubation
venturi mask
____ is not needed with the venturi mask?
humidity
what devices deliver high humidity
aerosol face mask, face tent, tracheostomy collar, and T-piece
what patients are face tents used for?
patients that are not able to tolerate a tight fitting mask – burns, trauma to face
what patients are tracheostomy collars used for
patients that have a tracheostomy
what patients would use a T-piece
used with any patient with a tracheostomy, laryngectomy, endotracheal tube
what is noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
positive pressure to keep alveoli open and improve gas exchange without the need for intubation – “pressure” keeps the airway open
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can occur with …..
oxygen supplementation or just room air
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is used to treat….
sleep apnea
dyspnea
hypercarbia
acute exacerbations of COPD
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
acute asthma attacks
what are the associated complications of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
- skin breakdown under mask – fits tight to get good seal
- leaks can cause pressure to the patient’s eyes
- gastric insufflation can lead to vomiting – thus lead to potential aspiration
deliver methods of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
volume/flow limited
bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP)
home O2 can be administered to those with a PaO2 level of less than ____ or an SpO2 of less than ___ at RA or rest
PaO2 = 55 mmHg
SpO2 = 88%
