oxygen delivery systems

Question 1

nasal cannula flow rate

Answer 1

1-6L/min

Question 2

nasal cannula FiO2

Answer 2

24%-44%

Question 3

a higher flow rate increases _________

Answer 3

mucosal irritation and drying

Question 4

low flow systems

Answer 4

nasal cannula
simple face mask
partial rebreather
non-rebreather masks

Question 5

simple face mask FiO2

Answer 5

40%-60%

Question 6

simple face mask minimum flow rate

Answer 6

5L/min

Question 7

what is a simple face mask used for

Answer 7

used for SHORT term oxygen therapy emergencies

Question 8

partial rebreather FiO2

Answer 8

60%-75%

Question 9

flow rate partial rebreather mask

Answer 9

11L/min

Question 10

how does the partial rebreather increase the FiO2

Answer 10

with each breathe the patient inhales 1/3 of the exhaled tidal volume

Question 11

non rebreather FiO2

Answer 11

greater than 90% depending on the patient’s breathing pattern

Question 12

what is the highest oxygen level of the low flow systems

Answer 12

non rebreather masks

Question 13

flow rate of non rebreather

Answer 13

10-15 L/min

Question 14

why is the non rebreather flow rate kept at 10-15 L/min

Answer 14

to keep the reservoir bag inflated

Question 15

characteristics of the non rebreather mask

Answer 15

one way valve between the mask and reservoir bag and two flaps over the exhalation ports

Question 16

high flow systems:

Answer 16

high flow nasal cannula
venturi mask
aerosol mask, face tent, tracheostomy collar

Question 17

when properly fitted, high flow systems deliver an _____

Answer 17

accurate level of oxygen

Question 18

high flow systems O2 concentrations and flow rates

Answer 18

range from:
24-100%
8-15L/min

Question 19

high flow nasal cannula flow rate

Answer 19

60L/min

Question 20

high flow nasal cannula can give up to 60L/min of ___

Answer 20

humidified and heated medical gas

Question 21

the high flow nasal cannula is used primarily for ____

Answer 21

neonates

Question 22

why is the high flow nasal cannula good for neonates and critically ill?

Answer 22

it improves alveolar ventilation while decreasing anatomical dead space

Question 23

what mask delivers the most accurate oxygen concentration without intubation

Answer 23

venturi mask

Question 24

____ is not needed with the venturi mask?

Answer 24

humidity

Question 25

what devices deliver high humidity

Answer 25

aerosol face mask, face tent, tracheostomy collar, and T-piece

Question 26

what patients are face tents used for?

Answer 26

patients that are not able to tolerate a tight fitting mask – burns, trauma to face

Question 27

what patients are tracheostomy collars used for

Answer 27

patients that have a tracheostomy

Question 28

what patients would use a T-piece

Answer 28

used with any patient with a tracheostomy, laryngectomy, endotracheal tube

Question 29

what is noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation

Answer 29

positive pressure to keep alveoli open and improve gas exchange without the need for intubation – “pressure” keeps the airway open

Question 30

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can occur with …..

Answer 30

oxygen supplementation or just room air

Question 31

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is used to treat….

Answer 31

sleep apnea
dyspnea
hypercarbia
acute exacerbations of COPD
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
acute asthma attacks

Question 32

what are the associated complications of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

Answer 32

• skin breakdown under mask – fits tight to get good seal
• leaks can cause pressure to the patient’s eyes
• gastric insufflation can lead to vomiting – thus lead to potential aspiration

Question 33

deliver methods of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

Answer 33

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
volume/flow limited
bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP)

Question 34

home O2 can be administered to those with a PaO2 level of less than ____ or an SpO2 of less than ___ at RA or rest

Answer 34

PaO2 = 55 mmHg
SpO2 = 88%