Type I

Question 1

What are the characteristics?

Answer 1

Acute onset, usually before 30 yrs of age; pancreatic beta cells are destroyed; usually there is a genetic tendency

Question 2

What happens due to the destruction of the beta cells?

Answer 2

Liver glucose production is unchecked, fasting hyperglycemia can occur, glucose from food stays in the bloodstream and leads to postprandial hyperglycemia

Question 3

Describe osmotic diuresis.

Answer 3

If the amount of glucose in the blood is too much for the kidneys to handle, it might not be absorbed fully and appear in the urine; fluids and electrolytes are lost

Question 4

What are ketone bodies? How are they formed?

Answer 4

Byproducts of fat breakdown; fat is broken down b/c of the lack of insulin and forms free fatty acids, which the liver turns into ketone bodies- this results in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 5

What are the symptoms of DKA?

Answer 5

Fruity breath, abdominal pain, n/v, hyperventilation, altered LOC

Question 6

How do you treat DKA and hyperglycemia?

Answer 6

Administer insulin and replace fluids and electrolytes