Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

Question 1

What are some complications diabetes can lead to?

Answer 1

Amputation, blindness, end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy

Question 2

Insulin is secreted by what and where?

Answer 2

It’s secreted by beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 3

What does insulin do?

Answer 3

Transports and metabolizes glucose for energy
Stimulates storage of glucose in liver and muscle (glucogen)
Signals the liver to stop production of glucose Enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue
Accelerates transport of amino acids into cells Inhibits breakdown of stored glucose, protein and fat

Question 4

What happens when a person eats?

Answer 4

Insulin secretion increases and moves glucose from the blood into muscle, liver and fat cells

Question 5

When is basal insulin released?

Answer 5

During fasting periods (between meals and at night)

Question 6

When is glucagon released and what does it do?

Answer 6

It’s released when blood glucose levels lower; it stimulates the liver to release stored glucose