Type 2 Diabetes

Question 1

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 1

Insulin Resistance so tissues and muscles can no longer take up glucose from the blood

Question 2

Why does it happen?

Answer 2

Too much glucose in the body due to obesity, lack of exercise and unhealthy diet causes the tissues to become in-sensitive to insulin

Question 3

Is there a pre-diabetic phase?

Answer 3

Yes, a preliminary phase of impaired glucose tolerance

Question 4

Is there a genetic link?

Answer 4

Yes, there is 80% concordance with identical twins

Question 5

What is MODY?

Answer 5

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (a rare autosomal dominant form)

Question 6

Is it common?

Answer 6

Yes very, 300 million worldwide have type 2 diabetes

Question 7

Who does it affect?

Answer 7

Onset is generally above 50 years old but Asians are more at risk

Question 8

Risk Factors (7)

Answer 8

Obesity, lack of exercise, ethnicity, history of gestational diabetes, high glycaemic diet, PCOS, Family history

Question 9

Symptoms (6)

Answer 9

Polyuria, Polydipsia, weight loss, visual blurring, genital thrush, lethargy

Question 10

Investigations

Answer 10

Urinalysis (protein uria)Fasting Glucose >7mmol/L, HbA1C >48mmol/L

Question 11

Drug Treatment (3)

Answer 11

Metformin (Biguanide), Gliclazide (Sulphonylurea), Insulin

Question 12

Other Treatment (6)

Answer 12

Diabetes education, reduce risk factors e.g lose weight, healthy diet, promote exercise, control blood pressure, lipid control

Question 13

Acute Complications (2)

Answer 13

Hyper/hypoglycaemic states, Ketoacidosis

Question 14

Chronic complications (5)

Answer 14

Retinopathy, Neuropathy, Nephropathy, Cardiovascular Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 15

Prognosis

Answer 15

75% of type 2 diabetics die from Heart disease and 15% die of stroke
Much better prognosis if better controlled