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Path Gen 1 > Type 1 Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type 1 Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

true immediate type reaction is mediated by this

A

IgE

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2
Q

luekotrienes that are produced in type 1 HS

A

C, D, E (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis)

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3
Q

IgE binds to Fc receptor on these cells

A

mast cells and basophils

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4
Q

complement components C3a and C5a can bind to this receptor, which will cause non-IgE mediated type 1 HS

A

CR1

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5
Q

what is receptor for histamine induced smooth muscle contraction?

A

7 spanning GPCR

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6
Q

what occurs in early/acute phase of type I HS? (mediated by mast cell activation -> histamine, leukotrienes)

A

contraction SMC and immediate inflammation/edema

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7
Q

what mediates early/acute phase type 1 HS?

A

mast cell activation (release histamine, producing leukotrienes)

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8
Q

these cells mediate late phase of type 1 HS; what recruits these cells?

A

eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, cytokines; mast cell mediators

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9
Q

peak reaction to histamine occurs within this time period

A

20 min

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10
Q

what is released from granules in activated mast cells?

A

histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors

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11
Q

what must given to EVERY patient that is presenting with asthma (helps treat late phase reaction)

A

corticosteroid

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12
Q

where are mast cells found in local lesions of type 1 HS?

A

subepithelial tissues near BV

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13
Q

early morphology of type 1 HS

A

mast cells, edema/erythema, SMC contraction, mucus secretion

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14
Q

localized tissue reactions of type 1 HS

A

allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, urticaria, wheal/flare

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15
Q

treatment for clinical syndromes of type 1 HS

A

antihistamines, anti-leukotrienes, steroids

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16
Q

what determines clinical syndrome of type 1 HS

A

route of exposure

17
Q

symptoms/signs of anaphylaxis

A

tissue swelling, bronchoconstriction, laryngeal edema (difficult to reverse), peripheral vasodilation/hypotensive shock

18
Q

this is required for anaphylaxis to occur

A

vascular dissemination allergen

19
Q

mainline treatment for anaphylaxis

A

antihistamines and epinephrine

20
Q

symptoms of anaphylaxis (in order of greatest frequency)

A

urticaria/angioedema, bronchoconstriction, dizziness/syncope (hypotension), GI symptoms (NVD), peripheral vasodilation/flushing

21
Q

tx of choice in anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions

A

epinephrine (in combo with antihistamines)

22
Q

this tests for total serum amount of IgE

A

RIST

23
Q

this tests for serum amount of antigen-specific IgE

A

RAST

24
Q

what mediates type 1 HS?

A

mast cells (IgE binding Fc receptor)

25
Q

this receptor is cross-linked in type 1 HS -> causes release of mediators (histamine, leukotrienes)

A

IgE Fc receptor

26
Q

this kind of antigen is essential for type 1 HS reaction

A

multivalent

27
Q

what controls IgE mediated type 1 HS

A

CD4, TH2 pathway/IL4/IL5

28
Q

what portion of IgE is cross linked?

A

Fab

29
Q

this cytokine regulates IgE synthesis (stimulates naive IgM/IgD to IgE)

A

IL-4

30
Q

lipid mediators that are synthesized and act within 1-2 hours in early/acute type 1 HS

A

LTB4, LTC/D/E, PGE, PAF

31
Q

morphology of type 1 HS

A

mast cells (subepithelial tissue), edema, erythema, acute inflammatory infiltrate, eosinophils

32
Q

basic proteins located in eosinophils -> toxic to cells and parasites

A

major basic protein, eosinophilic cationic protein, neurotoxins

33
Q

this stimulates eosinophil production in bone marrow

A

IL-5

34
Q

Fc receptor expressed by activated eosinophils

A

FceRI

35
Q

induces degranulation of eosinophils

A

eotaxin, C5a, antigens

36
Q

what usually causes anaphylaxis

A

rapid systemic distribution of allergen

37
Q

these are examples of anaphylactoid reactions causing widespread mast cell degranulation

A

anesthetic agents, snake venom (complement activation), ASA

38
Q

this reverses effects of histamine on bronchoconstriction and vasodilation

A

epinephrine

39
Q

manifestation of an allergy is dependent on this

A

mast cell distribution (at site of exposure)

Path Gen 1 (6 decks)

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