Type 1 Diabetes Management Flashcards
1
Q
Types of regimes
A
Bolus
- Before meal
Basal
- long acting throughout day to maintain insulin
Basal bolus
- 1 x dose of long acting with short acting taken before each meal
2 a day
- Mix of short & intermediate acting given before breakfast and tea
3 a day mix
- Mix of short and intermediate acting before breakfast
- Short acting before tea
- Intermediate acitng before bedtime
2
Q
Short acting insulin
A
IV Insulin
Works within 30min
2-3 Hr Peak effect
Duration of Action: 5-8 Hrs
3
Q
Rapid Acting Insulin
A
Types:
- Aspart
- Lispro
- Glulisine
Works within:
- 5-15 min
Peak effect:
- 1 hr
Duration of effect:
- 3-4 Hrs
Useful in hypoglycaemia
4
Q
Intermediate Acting Insulin
A
Basal Insulin
Types:
- Isophane
- Insulatard
- Humulinil
Works within:
- 1-2 hrs
Peak:
- 4 Hrs
Duration of action:
- 16-24hrs
5
Q
Long acting Insulin
A
Types:
- Glargine (Lantus)
- Detemir (Detemir)
Works within:
1-2 hrs
Duration of action:
20-24hrs
6
Q
Continuous
A
Types:
- Degludec- subcuntaneous injection
Work within:
- 1-2 hrs
Peak:
- No peak
Duration of action:
- 48 hrs
7
Q
Side effects of insulin therapy
A
Hypoglycaemia:
- <4mmol/L
- too much insulin
- Inappropriate timing of insulin
- Injection site problem- lipodystrophy
- Inadequte food take
- Exercise
- Alcohol
Lipodystrophy
- Overuse of same injection site
8
Q
Pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis
A
Low insulin -> Increases lipolysis
Lipolysis -> Ketones
Ketones lower blood pH
9
Q
Contraindications of Insulin therapy
A
Renal impairment
Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy & breast-feeding
