Type 1 diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Why is glucose high in T1 DM?

A

As insulin is no longer produced the glucose cannot be taken up into the skeletal and adipose tissue therefore it concentrates in the blood leading to osmotic diuresis (polyuria) which in turn leads to excessive thirst (polydipsia)

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2
Q

Two tests that can diagnose T1DM?

A

fasting glucose >7mmol/L

Oral glucose tolerance test >11.1mmol/L (2 hours pose glucose load|)

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3
Q

Symptoms of T1DM

A

polyuria
polydipsia
weight loss
excessive tiredness and weakness

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4
Q

What three things need to be present to diagnose DKA

A

hyperglycaemia >11mmol/L
acidosis (measured by venous bicarbonate <15mmol/l or arterial pH 7.3)
ketonaemia / ketonuria ++

it is a medical emergency because it leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Ketones in the blood make it leading to ketoacidosis.

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5
Q

Symptoms of ketoacidosis

A
  • polyuria & polydipsia
  • nausea & vomitting
  • abdominal pain
  • shortness of breath (kussmaul respiration)
  • dehydration, hypotension, tachycardia
  • ketotic smell of breath
  • confusion, drowsiness, rarely coma.
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6
Q

How do we treat DKA?

A

IV insulin
NaCL
K+ (replace what insulin reduces)

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7
Q

The target of HbA1c for T1DM is

A

48mmol/L

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8
Q

insulin should be prescribed by brand rather than generically, true or false?

A

True

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9
Q

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include

A
nocturia
polydipsia
fatigue
weight loss
blurred vision
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10
Q

What class of insulin is absalagar?

A

long-acting

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11
Q

What class of insulin is toujeo?

A

long-acting

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12
Q

What class on insulin is fiasp?

A

rapid-acting

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13
Q

What class of insulin is lantus?

A

long-acting

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14
Q

What class of insulin is apidra?

A

rapid-acting

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15
Q

what class of insulin is humulin-I

A

intermediate acting

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16
Q

what class of insulin is heparin bovine protamine zinc?

A

long-acting

17
Q

Three points about tresiba

A
  • it is neutral pH so does not hurt as much compared to lantus which is acidic
  • it has a reduced rate of hypo’s compared to lantus
  • it comes in 100units/ml and 200 units/ml
18
Q

Threshold to diagnose someone with a hypo is

A

4mmol/L

19
Q

Treasons contains

A

Degludec

20
Q

In DKA should a patient receive sodium bicarbonate to increase their PH?

A

No

21
Q

PotentiAl complications of DKA and it’s management are

A

Hypokalaemia

Peripheral oedema

22
Q

Different brands of insulin as part?

A

Novorapid

Fiasp

23
Q

What dose of rapid acting Insulin do we use in DKA,

A

0.1 unit/kg/hr

Rounded to the nearest uni5 so 6.6units would be 7 units

24
Q

What reduction in blood sugar and ketones do we want to see when we initiate treatment in DKA?

A

Blood sugar reduction 3mmol/litre/hr

Ketones 0.5mmol/litre/hr

25
Q

Once blood sugars drop below 18 what can we add into the regime

A

Glucose 10%