Type 1 diabetes Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes?
A state of absolute insulin deficiency caused by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells
What are the criteria for diagnosis of diabetes?
Fasting glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/l
Random ≥ 11.1mmol/l
and symptoms, OR repeat test
What are some potential triggers for T1DM in a genetically susceptible individual?
Viral infection Maternal factors (infection, age) Weight gain Vitamin D deficiency Environmental toxins
What are some of the antibodies involved in T1DM that can be useful in diagnosis?
GAD
IA2
What is the classic triad of T1 diabetes?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight loss
What are the presenting symptoms of type 1 diabetes?
Polyuria Polydipsia Weight loss Fatigue Increased appetite Candida infections Blurred vision DKA
What is the ideal range of HbA1c?
48-58mmol/L
What is assessed at the annual diabetic review?
Weight Blood pressure Bloods: HbA1c, Renal Function and Lipids Retinal screening Foot risk assessment
When is type 1 diabetes most likely to present?
<5 years of age
Ages 10-14
In which patients should LADA be suspected?
Occurs in young adults 25 to 40 Male preponderance Usually non-obese Auto-antibody positive Associated auto-immune conditions Non-insulin requiring at diagnosis Sub-optimal control on oral agents
What is LADA?
Latent onset diabetes of adulthood
The presence of elevated levels of pancreatic auto-antibodies in patients with ‘recently diagnosed’ diabetes who do not initially require insulin
Is neonatal diabetes more likely to be monoclonal or T1DM?
Monoclonal
Which autoimmune conditions are associated with type 1 diabetes?
Thyroid disease Coeliac disease Pernicious anaemia Addison's disease IgA deficiency
What is another useful marker in blood for T1DM?
C-peptide
