type 1 diabetes Flashcards
how many people live with diabetes (general)?
527 million
what are main complications of diabetes (general) and who recognised them?
chronic kidney disease
foot problems
eye damage
Deshpande et al, (2008)
what is type 1 diabetes and its prevalence ?
people are born without insulin production
8% of diabetics have that type
what are common symptoms ?
weight loss
frequent urination
irritability/confusion/ anxiety
blurry vision
fruity breath - high levels of ketones
what are common tests for type 1 diabetes ?
c- peptide test
what does the test involve/ show ?
required blood test
c-peptide is an insulin transporter and stays in the blood longer
low c-peptide levels and high glucose = type 1
<0.51ng/ml
what did UoB trail for type 1 test ?
tested antibodies in children for early detection
the more positive antibodies, higher the risk of development
what are possible barrier for exercise in newly diagnosed T1D?
fear of hypoglycaemia
planning
overwhelmed by diagnosis
how does aerobic low intensity exercise for long duration affect glucose levels?
drops glucose
how does strength high intensity and shorter duration exercise affect glucose levels ?
spike in glucose
how does a combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercise affect glucose ?
glucose levels fluctuate
what can help exercise effectively for those with type 1 ?
check glucose levels
take carbs when needed
know FIIT
know how much insulin to board
consider food timing around exercise
why might prescribing exercise to type 1 diabetics be challenging ? (process)
in aerobic exercise FFA and ketones are main fuel
but as intensity increases and duration , glucose use increases
- effecting blood glucose management during/after exercise
who found that exercise was beneficial for reducing HbA1c?
umpierre et al 2013
what did yardley et al (2012) find about resistance training vs aerobic training ?
resistance training reduced decline in blood glucose
aerobic associated high increase of blood glucose during early recovery , leading high in late recovery
who looked at the effects of doing resistance before vs after aerobic training ? and what did they find ?
yardley et a 2012
those with T1D should do resistance before aerobic due to tendency to develop exercise induced hypoglycaemia
leads lower reliance on glucose supplementation during exercise
who looked at mornings vs afternoon exercise on glycemic control ? and what did they find ?
Gomez et al 2015
significant fewer hypoglycaemic events when morning exercise
- improves metabolic control on day after + maintains ups in euglycemic range for longer
what did Turner et al 2015 find about exercise volume in resistance exercise ?
doing 1-2 sets of resistance would raise blood glucose levels
a 3rd set would attenuate an exercise induced hyperglycaemia and bring glucose levels close to control group
(bring blood glucose down to control)
the more sets and reps the less glucose levels climb
what does ICE mean and what do they represent ?
looks at what to look out for when doing exercise
INSULIN - how much to board/ how to alter it
CARBOHYDRATES - how much to take on
EXERCISE TYPE + INTENSITY - order of exercise types and how long the session will be
