type 1 diabetes

Question 1

how many people live with diabetes (general)?

Answer 1

527 million

Question 2

what are main complications of diabetes (general) and who recognised them?

Answer 2

chronic kidney disease
foot problems
eye damage

Deshpande et al, (2008)

Question 3

what is type 1 diabetes and its prevalence ?

Answer 3

people are born without insulin production

8% of diabetics have that type

Question 4

what are common symptoms ?

Answer 4

weight loss
frequent urination
irritability/confusion/ anxiety
blurry vision
fruity breath - high levels of ketones

Question 5

what are common tests for type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 5

c- peptide test

Question 6

what does the test involve/ show ?

Answer 6

required blood test

c-peptide is an insulin transporter and stays in the blood longer

low c-peptide levels and high glucose = type 1
<0.51ng/ml

Question 7

what did UoB trail for type 1 test ?

Answer 7

tested antibodies in children for early detection

the more positive antibodies, higher the risk of development

Question 8

what are possible barrier for exercise in newly diagnosed T1D?

Answer 8

fear of hypoglycaemia
planning
overwhelmed by diagnosis

Question 9

how does aerobic low intensity exercise for long duration affect glucose levels?

Answer 9

drops glucose

Question 10

how does strength high intensity and shorter duration exercise affect glucose levels ?

Answer 10

spike in glucose

Question 11

how does a combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercise affect glucose ?

Answer 11

glucose levels fluctuate

Question 12

what can help exercise effectively for those with type 1 ?

Answer 12

check glucose levels
take carbs when needed
know FIIT
know how much insulin to board
consider food timing around exercise

Question 13

why might prescribing exercise to type 1 diabetics be challenging ? (process)

Answer 13

in aerobic exercise FFA and ketones are main fuel

but as intensity increases and duration , glucose use increases
- effecting blood glucose management during/after exercise

Question 14

who found that exercise was beneficial for reducing HbA1c?

Answer 14

umpierre et al 2013

Question 15

what did yardley et al (2012) find about resistance training vs aerobic training ?

Answer 15

resistance training reduced decline in blood glucose

aerobic associated high increase of blood glucose during early recovery , leading high in late recovery

Question 16

who looked at the effects of doing resistance before vs after aerobic training ? and what did they find ?

Answer 16

yardley et a 2012

those with T1D should do resistance before aerobic due to tendency to develop exercise induced hypoglycaemia

leads lower reliance on glucose supplementation during exercise

Question 17

who looked at mornings vs afternoon exercise on glycemic control ? and what did they find ?

Answer 17

Gomez et al 2015

significant fewer hypoglycaemic events when morning exercise
- improves metabolic control on day after + maintains ups in euglycemic range for longer

Question 18

what did Turner et al 2015 find about exercise volume in resistance exercise ?

Answer 18

doing 1-2 sets of resistance would raise blood glucose levels

a 3rd set would attenuate an exercise induced hyperglycaemia and bring glucose levels close to control group
(bring blood glucose down to control)
the more sets and reps the less glucose levels climb

Question 19

what does ICE mean and what do they represent ?

Answer 19

looks at what to look out for when doing exercise

INSULIN - how much to board/ how to alter it

CARBOHYDRATES - how much to take on

EXERCISE TYPE + INTENSITY - order of exercise types and how long the session will be