TyChucks Buzz-Words for Anti-Biotics

Question 1

UTI drugs

Answer 1

Sulfa drugs
Nitrofurantoin
Fluoroquinolones (cipro and levofloxacin)
Flucytosine ===> 5-FU
Methenamine (don’t mix with sulfa – requires low pH, but low pH for sulda ===> crystals in your pee)

Add more??

Question 2

Combine with sulfa for sequential inhibition

Answer 2

trimethoprim

Question 3

Forms crystals in urine at low pH (and what is the most soluble form of this drug?)

Answer 3

Sulfonamides! Sulfisoxazole is most solube!

Question 4

Oral or IV use for MRSA

Answer 4

Tedizolid

Question 5

IV only for MRSA

Answer 5

Dalbavancin

Question 6

Oral for vancomycin resistant; most broad spectrum for vanco resistant bugs

Answer 6

Linezolid

Question 7

IV only for vancomycin resistant; side effects are arthralgia and myalgia

Answer 7

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Question 8

So well absorbed by GI that presence of food doesn’t effect absorption

Answer 8

Clindamycin

Question 9

Inhibits protein synthesis by 1)blocking peptide bond formation and 2) inhibiting the tRNA binding to 50S subunit

Answer 9

Retapamulin

Question 10

side effects include blurred vision, altered taste perception, severe hepatotoxicity; reserved only for severe respiratory infections

Answer 10

telithromycin

Question 11

Mostly treats G+, some G-, used for penicillinase-producing bacteria & mycoplasma

Answer 11

Erythromycin

Question 12

CSF distribution, conjugated with glucuronic acid (thus not used in infants!), must determine toxic anemia from aplastic anemia!

Answer 12

Chloramphenicol

Question 13

such a broad spectrum that it poses risk for superinfection. treatment can cause discoloration of teeth and phototoxicity

Answer 13

Tetracyclines

Question 14

“best” overall tetracycline that can be given oral or parenterally

Answer 14

doxycycline

Question 15

best tetracycline for preggers (isn’t excreted in titty juice as easily)

Answer 15

oxytetracycline

Question 16

Treats pseudomonas and klebsiellas that didn’t respond to penicillins or cephalosporins – often side effects ototoxicity, blocks NMJs, irreversible kidney damage… often resistance due to biofilms

Answer 16

Aminoglycosides

Question 17

Name of 3rd generation cephalosporins (they go to CNS)

Answer 17

Cefotaxime & Cefixime

Question 18

Which 2 UTI drugs should not be taken at same time?

Answer 18

Methenamine & Sulfas… Methanamines are only soluble at low pH, but at low pH sulfa drugs are less solube and can form crystals

Question 19

pt. has brown urine after seeing a different doctor for an unknown infection… what antibiotic is the pt likely taking?

Answer 19

nitrofurantoin

Question 20

Inhibits RNA polymerase, don’t need to modify for renal insufficiency, teratogenic, and increased metabolism of anti-coagulants (oh… and it causes orange pee)

Answer 20

Rifampin

Question 21

These nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors should be avoided in patients under age 17 to avoid cartilage damage

Answer 21

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)

Question 22

the most (not only) well absorbed (orally) anti-fungal drug

Answer 22

terbinafine

Question 23

this family of anti-fungals inhibit cytochrome p450 enzymes thus prolonging the half-life of any other drug patient might be taking!

Answer 23

-“azoles”

Question 24

drug of choice for fungal meningitis

Answer 24

Fluconazole

Question 25

low pH helps to absorb these 2 anti-fungals

Answer 25

ketoconazole & itraconazole

Question 26

2 members of the polyene anti-fungal group

Answer 26

nystatin & amphotericin B

Question 27

Treat pseudomonas (narrow spectrum G-) of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes with this drug

Answer 27

Polymixins

Question 28

Topical use only… BUT can be used in GI to decrease bowel flora prior to surgery

Answer 28

polymixins

Question 29

This B-lactam drug is VERY broad spectrum (G+, G-, anaerobes) but would be useless without co-infusion with______ (aka 2 answers to this question)

Answer 29

Carbapenems

Cillistatin

Question 30

Name the 4 B-lactam containing drugs

Answer 30

1) penicillins
2) cephalosporins
3) carbapenems
4) monobactram

Question 31

topical use only… narrow spectrum G+, thus usually mixed in ointments with aminoglycosides and polymixin (G-‘s)

Answer 31

Bacitracin

Question 32

Only to be used if bugs resistant to other drugs (ie penicillin resistant)… toxicity can cause hearing loss and kidney damage

Answer 32

Vancomycin

Question 33

Name the topical use only drugs (4 of em)

Answer 33

1) Retapamulin
2) bacitracin
3) Polymixin
4) Nystatin

Question 34

Use these drugs to treat anaerobes (4ish)

Answer 34

1) pipercillin
2) clindamycin
3) Imepenem / Carbapenem
4) 3rd gen cephalosporins (cefotaxime & cefixime)

Question 35

CNS drugs (5 + 2 only during meninges inflammed)

Answer 35

1) 3rd gen cephalosporins
2) Fluconazole (anti-fungal)
3) 5-FU (flucytosine)
4) Chloramphenicol
5) Sulfa Drugs

*Vanco & penicillins during meningitis