Twrm 2

Question 1

Another word for LEFT atrioventricular valve

Answer 1

Bicuspid valve

Question 2

Another word for right atrioventricular valve

Answer 2

Tricuspid valve

Question 3

Where does superior venacava bring blood from

Answer 3

Head and upper parts of body

Question 4

Where does inferior vena cava bring blood from

Answer 4

Lower parts of body

Question 5

Describe the role of thrombin in blood clotting (3m)

Answer 5

-thrombin is an enzyme
- which catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
- a mesh of fibrin traps platelets to form a clot

Question 6

what does dna is prokaryotic cells look like

Answer 6

found in cytosplam no nucleus arranged in circular chromosomes with no free ends

Question 7

dna is prokaryotic bound to histone proteins?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

why are plamids important in bacterium

Answer 8

sometimes plasmids contain genes that make bacterium resistant to antibiotics

Question 9

what is the chemical that forms cell walls in prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

peptidolygcan

Question 10

where is peptidoglycan formed

Answer 10

polymer formed between peptides and polysaccharide molecules

Question 11

what helps prokaryotic bacteria cells move

Answer 11

flagellum

Question 12

what is pilli in bacteria

Answer 12

fine protein strands on surface which helps bacteria attach onto surfaces and other bacteria

Question 13

what do lipid droplets and glycogen granules do for bacteria

Answer 13

act as nutrient stores for bacteria

Question 14

what does dna look like in eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

tightly wrapped around proteins called histones
inside nucleus

Question 15

is dna linear is eukaryotes

Answer 15

linear as ends are not joined together to form a loop

Question 16

what is endoplasmic reticulum and where is it found

Answer 16

found in eukaryotic cells
The ER produces transmembrane proteins and lipids for its membrane and for many other cell components including lysosomes, secretory vesicles, the Golgi appatatus, the cell membrane, and plant cell vacuoles

Question 17

what does the rough endoplasmic reticulum consist of

Answer 17

sheets of membranes forming flattened sacs called cisternae

Question 18

what does cisternae consist of

Answer 18

many different enzymes

Question 19

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

It is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It has a role in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids.

Question 20

What are two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 20

The two types of endoplasmic reticulum are smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The RER has a rough surface due to abundant ribosomes present on its surface.

Question 21

Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins?

Answer 21

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has abundant ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis and processing of certain proteins in the eukaryotic cells.

Question 22

what are centrosome and centrioles

Answer 22

Animal cells and some fungi cells (except for nerve cells) contain two tiny particles called centrioles. These are located near the nucleus in a region of the cytoplasm. This region is called the centrosome

Question 23

what does centrosome do in eukaryotic

Answer 23

The centrosome plays an important role during cell division where the spindle filaments extend between the centrioles present at each pole of the cell. The centrosome also plays an important role in forming the flagella and cilia.

Question 24

what are golgi apparatus

Answer 24

Golgi apparatus are a series of flat membrane-bound sacs. The numbers of Golgi apparatus differ according to the cell’s secretion activity.

Question 25

function of golgi apparatus 3 points

Answer 25

-specialized for receiving the molecules of substances secreted by the endoplasmic reticulum across a group of transporting vesicles. -Then, it classifies and modifies these vesicles and distributes them into the places where they are used in the cell. -Golgi apparatus may also pack the molecules inside secreting vesicles called lysosomes, which move forward to the cell membrane as the cell dismisses them outside as secretory products.

Question 26

The organelles labelled X, Y and Z are involved in the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes.Describe the roles of these organelles in the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes 5 points

Answer 26

Proteins are made in the ribosomes on the rER (X). Here amino acids are joined together via peptide bonds to form a protein. This packaged into vesicles at the end of rER where they then fuse with the Golgi apparatus. The protein is modified and then packaged into vesicles again. The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and then exocytosed.