Two Process Model

Question 1

Little Albert

Answer 1

White rat- neutral stimulus 
Hitting bar steel with hammer- unconditioned stimulus 
Startled him- unconditioned response 
Becomes fearful- conditioned response 
Of rat- conditioned stimulus

Question 2

Maintenance of phobias- operant conditioning

Answer 2

Learning through consequences if that behaviour (reinforcement)
If behaviour is rewarding then is said to be reinforcing and improves the chances it will be repeated

Question 3

Positive reinforcement

Answer 3

A behaviour is more likely to reoccur because of positive consequences

Question 4

Negative reinforcement

Answer 4

A behaviour is more likely to reoccur because of avoidance of negative consequences

Question 5

Two process model

Answer 5

Mowrer (1947) proposed the two process model to explain how phobias are learned
First stage classical conditioning for initiation
Second stage is operant for maintenance

Question 6

How can operant conditioning explain why individuals continue to feel fearful once classical conditioning has taken place and why display avoidance behaviour?

Answer 6

Positive reinforcement aspect: an outcome of the behaviour is pleasant- will continue avoidance behaviour
Negative reinforcement aspect: an outcome of the behaviour that results in escaping something unpleasant

Question 7

Principles to explain fear of the dark

Answer 7

Behaviour has been negatively reinforced as to prevent the child from fear, light had been left on to reduce fear response
Positively reinforced by being comforted