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Psychology- term 1 mock > Biopsychology and research methods > Flashcards

Biopsychology and research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

CNS and it’s divisions

A

Concerned with all life functions and psychological progresses
Consists of spinal cord (receives and transmits info to and from the brain) and brain (maintains life, involved in higher functions and psychological processes)

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2
Q

PNS and it’s divisions

A

Transmits info to and from the CNS
Divided into somatic (info to and from the senses and CNS) and autonomic (info to and from internal organs)
Sympathetic increases bodily activity and parasympathetic maintains or decreases

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3
Q

The central nervous system functions

A

Control behaviour

Regulate body’s physiological processes

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4
Q

Spinal cord functions

A

Function to relay info between brain and body

Allows brain to monster and regulate bodily processes

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5
Q

Brain components

A

Consists of cerebellum, cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem

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6
Q

Cerebrum

A

85% of total brain mass
Largest part
Higher brain functions such as thought and action
Made up of four lobes

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Motion related activities
Contributes to coordination that doesn’t initiate movement
Balance, posture, coordination etc

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8
Q

Diencephalon

A

Four components: thalamus, hypothalamus, sub thalamus, epi thalamus
Hypothalamus is the integral part of the endocrine system, most important function of linking the nervous system to endocrine via the pituitary gland

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9
Q

Brain stem

A

Responsible for basic, life functions such as breathing, heart beat and blood pressure
Mid brain, pons and medulla

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10
Q

Peripheral nervous system function

A

All nerves outside the CNS make up the PNS
PNS’s function is to relay nerve impulses from CNS to the rest of the body
Divisions: somatic and autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

Somatic PNS

A

Cranial and spinal nerves
Transmission of info to and from the CNS
Involved in reflex

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12
Q

Autonomic PNS

A

Regulates involuntary action
Sympathetic increases bodily activities
Parasympathetic maintains or decreases

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13
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material in the form of DNA
Exists in most types of cells
Control centre

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14
Q

Dendrites

A

Fibres which emanate from the cell body
Provides receptive zones that receive activation from other neurones
Increase surface area of cell body
Transmit info. to the cell body

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15
Q

Axon

A

Act as transmission lines that send activation to other neurones
Larger the axon, faster it transmits info

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16
Q

Cell body/ soma

A

Processes incoming activation and turns into output activations
Soma and nucleus keep neurone functional
Support structures of the cell- mitochondria (energy for the cell)

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17
Q

The nervous system

A

Complex network of nerve cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to different parts of the body, allowing parts to communicate with each other
Brain controls nervous system
Biological basis of psychological experiences

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18
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Located at the end of neurone
Send signals to other neurones
Has synaptic gap at the end where neurotransmitter carries signal across synapse (neurotransmitter such as seratonin or dopamine)

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19
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Tell rest of brain about the external and internal environment by processing info from the senses
Turn info into neural impulses and then translated into sensation before reaching the brain
Only transmit from body to brain

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20
Q

Relay neurones

A

Carry messages from one part of Central nervous system to another
Connect motor and sensory neurones
Exist in only brain and spinal cord
Send and receive messages

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21
Q

Motor neurones

A

Carry signals from CNS to help organs, glands and muscles to function
Send and receive messages
Form synapses with muscles and release neurotransmitters that trigger a muscle move response

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22
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

‘On switches’

Increase likelihood that an excitatory signal is sent to the post synaptic cell

23
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

‘Off switches’
Decrease likelihood that a neurone will fire
Calming mind and body

24
Q

Endocrine system

A

Series of glands which release hormones into bloodstream and other bodily fluids
One way body sends messages to organs

The endocrine is said to relate to pyschology as examples such as oxytocin is thought to play an important part in attachment behaviour and formation of bonds

25
Q

Function of pituitary gland

A

Regulates endocrine system, control blood water level

26
Q

Function of parathyroid

A

Raise blood calcium level

27
Q

Thyroid

A

Release steady amount of hormones

28
Q

Adrenal

A

Prepares body for action- fight or flight response

29
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Controls blood and sugar levels

30
Q

Function of ovaries

A

Controls puberty and menstrual cycle, stimulates production of LH and suppresses FSH

31
Q

Function of testis

A

Controls puberty in males

32
Q

sympathomedullary pathway

A

Immediate (acute) stressors arouse sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

33
Q

Acute stress and sympathomedullary pathway steps

A

Hypothalamus (part that detects stress in brain)
Activates ANS
Stimulates adrenal medulla
Releases hormones (adrenaline/ noradrenaline)

34
Q

Effect of adrenaline

A

Quicken heart rate and breathing
Slows down digestion to conserve resources for fight or flight
Parasympathetic branch of ANS returns heart rate and blood pressure to normal and speeds up digestion to cause body to relax

35
Q

The pituitary adrenal system

A

If stress continues to become chronic then the pituitary adrenal system is activated

36
Q

The pituitary adrenal system steps

A 
Hypothalamus
Releases corticotrophin (CRF) 
Then pituitary gland secretes ACTH 
Travels to adrenal cortex 
Release of corticosteroid hormones
37
Q

Effect of cortisol

A

Steady supply of blood sugar

Continued energy to enable body to cope with the stressor

38
Q

Action potential

A

Occurs when a neurone sends info down an axon, away from the cell body

39
Q

What is meant by the fight or flight response?

A

Instinctive physiological response to a threat, readies to either resist forcibly or to run away

40
Q

Strength of the fight or flight response

A

Researched scientifically and using objective methods such as monitoring hormone levels in blood

41
Q

Three weaknesses of the fight or flight response

A

Women may respond more often with ‘tend and befriend’
Cooperation under stress is another response, such as the coping with 9/11
Reductionist as doesn’t acknowledge the role of thought

42
Q

What are the strengths of the role of biological structures in explaining human behaviour?

A

Could have a clinical use such as research into the impact of oxytocin levels
Results obtained from research into the role is scientific

43
Q

What are the weaknesses of the role of biological structures in explaining human behaviour?

A

Could influence human behaviour to varying degrees and may only be ‘tools’ that allow behaviour to occur rather than cause it
Reductionist behaviour is too complex to be due to a single hormone

44
Q

What is independent groups design?

A

Participants randomly allocated so different individuals are used in each condition

45
Q

What are the advantages of independent groups design?

A

No risk of practice effects

Less likely to show demand characteristics

46
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

Participants work out the nature of the study and manipulate behaviour as a result

47
Q

What are the disadvantages of independent groups design?

A

No control of individual difference or participant variables
Twice as many participants needed; not as economical

48
Q

What is repeated measures design?

A

Same participants for all conditions

49
Q

What are the advantages of repeated measures design?

A

Participant variables are controlled

More economical- fewer participants

50
Q

What are the disadvantages of repeated measures design?

A

Practice effects have an effect

Demand characteristics may be present

51
Q

What is matched pairs design?

A

Participants in each condition are matched to each other on variables that apply to the study

52
Q

What are the advantages of matched pairs design?

A

Tackles participant variables

No order/ practice effects

53
Q

What are the disadvantages of matched pairs design?

A

Difficult and time consuming

Still might be personal differences

Psychology- term 1 mock (12 decks)

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