Tw Test 7 Flashcards
0
Q
Item difficult - p* - is measured on what type of scale?
A
Ordinal - represents the percentage of people who answered an item correctly
1
Q
Who was the first to use meta analysis .
A
Smith and glass
2
Q
Exposure to media violence in childhood
A
Increases aggressive behavior in adolescence regardless of SES / gender
3
Q
Selection test with validity coefficient of .50 wil have greatest incremental validity when
A
Selection ratio is .05 and base rate is .50
4
Q
Glasgow Coma scale
A
Rates three categories of patient response: eye opening (activating center), best verbal response (cns), best motor response (movement of arms and legs)
5
Q
Rancho Los Amigos scale
A
Used in acute rehabilitative settings following release from intensive care
6
Q
Kuder Richardson
A
Measured tests internal consistency reliability - used for dichotomously scored items
7
Q
Over correction involves
A
Restitution
Guided movement
Positive practice
8
Q
Cingulate cortex
A
Part of the limbic system associated with emotions and motivation - satisfaction center (eating and sex) - excitatory role - motivation
9
Q
Emotional divorce
A
Bowen - extreme emotional distance
10
Q
Alloplastic vs autoplastic
A
Changing environment vs changing self
11
Q
Transactional - transformational paradigm of leadership
A
BURNS - Seems to apply across cultures and organizations - transactional focused on tangible rewards and loyalty; transformative focus on higher order needs and raise consciousness
12
Q
Over learning is best for
A
Simple tasks that must be remembered for a long period of time
13
Q
Post concussional syndrome
A
Somatic and psychological symptoms associated with head trauma (not necessarily severe trauma)
14
Q
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are associated with which disorders?
A
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
15
Q
Normal pressure hydrocephalus vs hydrocephalu
A
Hydrocephalus - sx include headache followed by vomiting, downward deviation of the eyes, urinary incontinence
Normal pressure hydrocephalus - affects ppl over age 60 - difficulty walking, urinary incontinence, dementia / mental disturbance
16
Q
Highest levels of child abuse In Which ethnic groups?
A
Native American and African American
17
Q
WISCIII - freedom from distractibility measured by
A
Arithmetic and digit span
18
Q
Are you required to release confidential information to police?
A
No, not unless s/he is a danger to self/others
19
Q
Stability of big 5 traits (most, least)
A
Most - extra version
Least - neuroticism
20
Q
The upper and lower limits of a tests standard error of measurement ranges from
A
0 to the standard deviation of the test
21
Q
Kirkpatricks training evaluation model
A
Reaction, learning, behavior, result
22
Q
Early memory and attention deficits in Alzheimer’s is believed to be caused by decreased
A
Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
23
Q
Prader Willi is caused by a
A
Chromosomal deletion
24
Causes of mental retardation
Early alteration of embryonic development (30%)
Environmental influences / other mental disorders (15-20%)
Pregnancy and perinatal problems (10%)
Heredity factors (5%)
25
Which smoking cessation technique is least associated with long term abstinence
Nicotine replacement
26
What is a career anchor?
The motivation of priorities that define how people see themselves and their work (schein)
27
What is the most common dx for inpatients aged 18-44
Schizophrenia
28
Extent and severity of long term problems associated with ADHD are strongly related to whether the child also had
Conduct problems
29
Negative feedback
Nothing changes - homeostasis maintained
30
Positive feedback
Promotes change
31
Opisthotonus
Whole body spasm
32
Dysarthria
Imperfect articulation of speech
33
Akathisia
Inability to sit still, pacing
34
Akinesia
Loss or impairment of muscle activity
35
Orbits frontal cortex
Phineas Gage - central role in excitability, behavioral inhibition, personality, judgement
36
Primacy effect more powerful for long or short term recollection?
Long term
37
Stranger anxiety begins around
9 months of age
38
Symptoms of dementia due to HIV
Cognitive slowing, impaired attention, forgetfulness, apathy, social withdrawal, clumsiness and leg weakness.
39
Blocking
A second stimulus is presented with the conditioned stimulus but when presented alone does not elicit the same response
40
What percentage of those with panic disorder also have agoraphobia?
33-50%
41
Scl-90
Symptom checklist - likert scale - general psychiatric sx
42
Trend analysis
Determines the trend or shape that best describes the relationship between variables
43
The prevalence of mental illness in people over age 65 is-
Lower than for any other age group
44
Whitbourne's self-concept model
Identity assimilation (maintaining self-consistency), identity accommodation (making changes to the self), identity balance (maintaining a sense of self but changing when necessary).
45
Terror management theory
Solomon et al - terror of the inevitability of death - this is managed by self-esteem and a cultural worldview.
46
Paradoxical intention
Based on the assumption that a person avoids a certain behavior because of anticipatory anxiety; engaging in a behavior is incompatible with fear of that behavior.
47
Hopelessness theory of depression
Hopelessness is a proximal (factor closest to the symptoms of depression) and sufficient (not necessary) cause of depression.
48
Precentral gyrus / post central gyrus
Motor functioning
| Parietal lobe - somatosensory cortex
49
Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Preconventional
- obedience and punishment - how can I avoid punishment?
- self-interest orientation - what's in it for me?
Conventional
- interpersonal accord - good/bad girl
- law and order
Post- conventional
- social contract orientation
- universal ethical principles
50
Effects of sexual abuse more severe when the perpetrator is a stranger or family member?
Family member
51
Anosognosia - definition - caused by
Inability to recognize ones own functional impairment
Damage to right parietal lobe
52
Mimesis
Adopting a family's communication and affective style
53
Anticholinergic effects
Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia - caused by tricyclics / heterocyclics
54
Which is more effective, biofeedback or relaxation training?
Both are equally effective
55
Effect of heterogeneity on creativity and decision-making effectiveness
Positive relationship with both
56
Meyer's minority stress model
```
Proximal factors (expectations of rejection, concealment of sexual orientation, internalized homophobia)
Distal factors (minority group status, violence, discrimination)
```
57
Working backwards heuristic
Uses end point to find connections to the starting point
58
Means-end analysis
Divides problem into sub-problems and solution of these leads to solution to entire problem
59
Availability heuristic
Uses most recent information that can be brought to mind
60
Representativeness heuristic
Makes judgements on only the obvious characteristics of a problem
61
Sections of the ethics code
Introduction - discusses scope of the application of ethics code
Preamble / general principles - aspirational goals
Ethical standards - enforceable rules
62
In organizations, positive feedback
Promotes change - encourages disruption in status quo- provides info to help plan for corrective actions
63
Non compensatory techniques in assessment
Multiple hurdle
| Multiple cutoff
64
Compensatory technique in assessment
Multiple regression
65
WISC subtests least susceptible to brain damage
Vocabulary
Information
Picture completion
66
Techniques for detecting differential item functioning
SIBTEST (simultaneous item bias test)
Mantel-Haenszel
Lord's chi square
67
Tarasoff
"The protective privilege ends when public peril begins"
68
The relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and achievement outcomes is moderated by
Task complexity
| Locus of performance
69
Cannon-bard theory of emotion
Physiological and emotional arousal experienced at the same time
70
James-Lang theory of emotion
Physiological arousal first, then interpretation/reasoning, then emotion
71
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion
Physiological arousal first, then interpretation/reasoning, then emotion
72
Lazarus theory of emotion
Thought precedes emotion or physiological arousal
73
Item analysis
Determines which items will be retained for final version of test
74
Item characteristic curve
Used to depict item discrimination - which items differentiate among examinees?
75
Diencephalon
Thalamus and hypothalamus, located between two hemispheres of the brain - connections and relays for sensory, motor, and limbic pathways associated with memory
76
Striatum
Controls various muscle activities
77
Peripheral cortex
Amydala and neocortex - memory
78
Piagets processes of accommodation and assimilation is motivated by need for
Equilibrium
79
Most effective intervention for cigarette smoking
Nicotine replacement
Skills training
Social support
80
Retroactive interference
Proactive interference
Recent (material learned after material to be remembered) interferes with recall
Information learned PREVIOUSLY interferes with the learning of new material
81
Procedural justice
Best predictor of work performance and counter productive work behavior
82
Organizational citizenship behaviors related to
All justice forms (procedural, distributive, interactional)
83
The median delay for getting treatment across all mental disorders is
A decade
84
Complex partial seizure disorder originates in the
Temporal lobe
85
Petit mal (absence seizures) originates
Originates in the thalamus
86
A four day work week is correlated with
Absenteeism and satisfaction
87
Computer adaptive testing
Uses previous test scores to tailor the test to taker ability. Produces equally accurate results across all levels of ability.
88
Parkinson's is related to insufficient amounts of
Dopamine
89
Parkinson's is related to an excessive amount of
Acetylcholine
90
Hygiene factors
Result in job dissatisfaction when absent but do not lead to satisfaction when present. Extrinsic to the work itself
91
Motivators
Result in job satisfaction when present, but do not lead to dissatisfaction when absent. Have to do with the job itself (intrinsic).
92
Ecological model
Bronfenbrenner - Microsystems, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem
93
Alogia
Speechlessness
94
Flooding is based on the principle of
Classical extinction - "impairing" the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
95
Extraneous variables correlate with --- variables
Dependent
96
If you increase power,
Type 1 error ----
Type 2 error ---
Increases
| Decreases
97
Central limit theory assumes
Infinite number of samples
98
Path analysis does
| And requires
Tests veracity of pre-defined causal theory of model
| One way causal flow
99
Test retest reliability reflects
True score variability
100
Percentile ranks, when graphed, show--
A flat, rectangular pattern of evenly distributed scores
101
Bonferroni test
Reduces level of alpha for each comparison so risk of type I error is reduced
102
Stanley and Campbell threats to external validity
```
Sample bias
Effects of testing
Experimental environment (too different from real world)
Multiple treatment
Interaction effects
```
103
Static groups comparison
2 intact groups compared - one receives tx and other does not, post-test scores compared
104
Most important components of group process for:
High functioning
Low functioning
Interpersonal learning and universality
| Instillation of hope
105
Tricyclics best for
Vegetative sx
106
MAOI best for
Atypical sx
107
Triangulation of data
Increase reliability by decreasing error using multiple methods of measurement
108
Meichenbaum
Self instruction for ADHD
109
Gurstmanns syndrome
Disgraphia
Discalculia
Finger agnosia
Right left confusion
Parietal lobe lesion
110
Situations that legally permit a waiver of privelege
Vary from state to state
111
Galveston orientation and amnesia test GOAT
Most common scale measuring orientation
112
Best tx for PTSD
Prolonged exposure
113
What does test-retest reliability reflect?
TRUE score variability
114
What is the formula for the relationship between validity and reliability
Validity is equal to or less than the square root of the reliability coefficient
115
Sensitivity of a test
Proportion of people with a condition who are correctly identified as having the disorder - few false negatives, more false positives
116
Specificity of a test
Ability of a test to identify who does NOT have a condition - increased false negatives, decreased false positives
117
MMPI mnemonic
How did hysterical psychopaths make pink panther see his shadow
118
Tolman
Latent learning
119
Kohler
Insight learning
120
Bruner
Inquiry learning
121
Bandura
Observational learning
122
```
Modeling:
Covert
Symbolic
Participant
Vicarious
```
Imagining someone else engaging in behavior
Observing models indirectly - video, book
Model engages in beh and prompts individual to engage in beh - most effective
Observing others directly
123
Covert sensitization
Counterconditioning
124
Keyword method
Forming an image that links two words
125
Emg biofeedback effective for:
| Bio thermal for:
```
Tension headaches (but relaxation training is equally effective)
Migraine (but blood volume pulse biofeedback is more effective)
```
126
According to Wolpe, depression is the result of
Classical conditioning
127
The gradual decline in the intensity, frequency, or duration to the presentation of the same punishment or other stimulus i
Habituation
128
SUDS
Subjective units of distres
129
Rehm's self control theory
Depression is related to six deficits in self-control behavior-
Selective monitoring of negative events
Selective monitoring of immediate (vs delayed) consequences of behavior
Stringent self-evaluation criteria
Inaccurate attributions of responsibility
Insufficient self reward
Excessive self punishment
