Attempt 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Heteroscedasticity on a scatter gram suggests that-
A
The variability (range) of scores on the criterion ranges for different scores on the predictor.
2
Q
What is the catecholamine hypothesis?
A
Depression is associated with decreases in catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine
3
Q
What is an atonic seizure?
A
Sudden loss of muscle tone / individual may fall / usually remains coNscious
4
Q
What is an absence/petit mal seizure?
A
Loss of consciousness / no prominent motor symptoms
5
Q
What is a clonic seizure?
A
Jerky movements
6
Q
What is a simple partial seizure?
A
Begins on one side of the brain / initially affects only one side of the body / changes in movement and sensation / no loss of consciousness
7
Q
A transformational leader uses “framing” to:
A
Communicate the organizational goals in a way that is more meaningful to employees
8
Q
What are the characteristic of pseudodementia?
A
“Depression masquerading as dementia” - Symptom onset is sudden / uncommon to have increased severity of sx in the evening / pt is likely to exaggerate his/her cognitive sx/ lack of cooperation during testing
9
Q
When a psychologist plans to use a collection agency -
A
Should inform person that such measures will be taken and provide that person an opportunity to make prompt payment
10
Q
Uninvited in-person solicitations for therapy clients are:
A
Unethical when individuals are susceptible to exploitation / undue infleunce
11
Q
Needs assessment
A
Identify training needs
12
Q
Organizational analysis
A
Often part of needs assessment - identify organization goals
13
Q
Job analysis
A
Identify essential characteristics of a job
14
Q
Job evaluation
A
Used to set wages and salaries
15
Q
Arbitrary inference
A
Beck - drawing a conclusion in absence of supporting evidence
16
Q
Force field theory
A
Lewis / setting the stage, problem solving, reaching agreement
17
Q
Peabody picture vocab test originally used for…
A
Ppl with orthopedic injuries
18
Q
Haptic Intelligence Scale
A
Visual impairment
19
Q
Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude
A
Hearing impairment
20
Q
Deliberate and regular use of rehearsal/elaboration/organization as memory strategies begins at
A
9-10 yrs
21
Q
Babies first words typically at
A
12 months
22
Q
Second stage of preconventional moral development?
A
Instrumental hedonism
23
Q
Reliability coefficient is
A
Interpreted directly as measure of true score variability (not squared!)
24
Q
Marlatt
A
“Abstinence violation effect” - recovery related to attributions about cause of relapse- successful recovery more likely when attributions to external, unstable, and specific factors
25
A predictors validity coefficient can be no greater than -
The square root of its reliability coefficient
26
Super ordinate goals
Reduce intergroup hostility (sheriff / robber-cave)
27
Side effects of lithium?
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdom pain
28
Relationship between job satisfaction and mental/physical health?
Positive correlation with both
29
MRI vs CT?
MRI = clearer images
30
If an eval of a child is court-ordered...
Do not need parental consent
31
Smith glass and miller study?
Meta analysis of effectiveness of psychotherapy
32
Meta analysis involves
Determining the average magnitude of outcomes across a large number of outcome studies
33
Higher order conditioning
Uses a CS as a US to establish a CR for a second CS
34
Effect size in meta analysis?
Standardized mean difference btw experimental and control group
35
Which personality disorder becomes less evident as the person grows older?
Anti social personality
36
Therapist congruence
Genuine, authentic, non defensive
37
Ethics code revision in 2010 (1.02 / 1.03)
Protect human rights
38
Tetrachoric coefficient?
Two artificially dichotomized continuous variables
39
ADHD - lower than normal metabolic levels in the
Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
40
Relationship between parenting style and academic achievement
Modified by family ethnicity/culture
41
Utility analysis
Relies on accounting procedures to evaluate costs and benefits of training programs, selection procedures, personnel interventions. Used interchangeably with return on investment.
42
Oblique rotation
Used in factor analysis when variables are thought to be correlated
43
Orthogonal rotation
Used in factor analysis when variables are thought to be uncorrelated
44
Effects from one or more variables removed from x only
Part correlation
45
Effects from one or more variables removed from x and y
Partial correlation
46
Effects of cbt on rheumatoid arthritis?
Beneficial effects on psychological functioning, some studies show reduction in physical sx (inflammation and pain)
47
Needs assessment in organizations
Determines training needs - Jon, person, and organizational analysis
48
Criterion referenced scores
How many items were answered correctly
49
Ipsative test scores
Relative strengths of different characteristics measured by test
50
Kluver-bucy syndrome
Ablation of anterior temporal lobes: hyper sexuality, placidity, oral tendencies, psychic blindness
51
Sherif's social judgement theory
"Categories of judgement"- latitudes of acceptance, non-commitment, rejection - person most likely to be convinced when the message is in his/her latitude of acceptance
52
Kruskal-wallis
Non-parametric alternative to anova
53
Mild head injury?
Post traumatic amnesia that persists for one hour / sx usually remit in 3-6 months
54
Implosive therapy
Exposing individuals to anxiety-arousing stimulus in imagination for an extended period of time
55
Over correction
Having individual engage in behaviors as a penalty for having performed the target behavior
56
Response cost
Removing a stimulus (eg privilege) - negative punishment
57
Covert sensitization
Individual imagines an unpleasant consequence while imagining that he she is engaging in the behavior - counterconditioning
58
Reminiscence bump
Greater memory for events that occurred during adolescence and early adulthood
59
Who holds the privilege ?
The client - right to have records withheld in legal proceedings
60
Which big five trait is the best predictor of job performance?
Conscientiousness
61
When compared to Alzheimer's, vascular dementia
Has an erratic course rather than progressive
62
Which aspect of memory shows greatest age-related decline?
Recent long-term memory
63
Herbert Simon
Artificial intelligence
64
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include
Depressed mood, decreased heart rate, increased appetite, insomnia
65
Right hemisphere emotions
Negative
66
Left hemisphere emotions
Positive
67
Vroom-yetton-jago model
Five leadership styles
68
Smith, Glass, Miller meta analysis
Few differences between therapeutic approaches found
69
Eysenck
Challenged the effectiveness of traditional interventions - 72% who did not receive to improved, vs 66% eclectic and 44% psychoanalytic
70
Criterion related validity coefficient cannot exceed
The square root of its reliability coefficient
71
Steinbergs triarchic theory
Analytical, creative, practical
72
Acrostic memory device
Uses first letter of each word to make a phrase or rhyme
73
Job satisfaction is correlated with...
Physical and psychological health, longevity
74
Collaborative empiricism
Beck - client therapist work together to gather evidence and test hypotheses about clients beliefs
75
Administrative model of decision making
Satisficing decisions
76
Rational-economic model
Optimal decisions
77
Complex partial seizure
Begins on one side of brain, may spread to other, some loss of consciousness
78
Reactive attachment of early childhood - inhibited type, includes
And dis inhibited type includes
Hyper vigilance
| Indiscriminant attachments
79
What does a meta analysis do?
Determine the average magnitude of the outcome of psychotherapy across a large number of outcome studies. Outcomes are converted to an effect size and then averaged.
80
An effect size is defined as
A standardized mean difference between experiment and control groups
81
High scores on the mmpi clinical subscales and a very high f score indicates
Random responding or alternating responses
82
If respondent answers true to all items on mmpi
Equal number of clinical scales will have low and high scores
83
Malingering would result in
A sawtooth pattern with high and low scores on alternating scales
84
Components of needs assessment
Job, person, and organizational analysis
85
What is an example of aversive counter conditioning?
Covert sensitization
86
In terms of incremental validity, what situation justifies the use of a new predictor?
Moderate base rate (.5) with many applicants and few openings
87
What is base rate?
The success rate of the people hired on the job - how many hires are successful?
88
Atkinson Morton Sue model
```
Color does really impact identity - cdrii
Conformity
Dissonance
Resistance/immersion
Introspection
Integrative awareness
```
89
Cross model
```
Black racial identity
Peii
Pre encounter
Encounter
Immersion
Internalization
```
90
Helms model
```
Helms model
Cdrpia
Conformity
Disintegration
Reintegration
Pseudo independence
Immersion
Autonomy
```
91
Spearman-brown prophecy
What would reliability be if test lengthened or shortened?
92
Severity error
Strictness bias
93
Inductive reasoning
From fact to general rule
94
Deductive reasoning
From general rule to fact
95
Sue & Sue "invisible veil"
World views
96
Adjustment to mothers remarriage
Hardest on girls during late childhood early adolescence, harder on boys during late adolescence
97
Is there a relationship btw examiner / examinee race and examinee performance on WISC?
No
98
What theory underlies bowen's?
Psychodynamic
99
What is code switching related to?
Bilingualism
100
What drug is most commonly used to treat premature ejaculation?
SSRI (not Wellbutrin)
101
What is seroconversion?
Development of antibodies to antigens
102
What are the major predictors of adolescent suicide?
Drug and alcohol use
Depression
Antisocial behaviors
103
What is functional enuresis?
Not related to any sleep stage
| Not related to medical condition
104
What does congruence between Hollands type and job predict?
Job satisfaction
Productivity
Stability
105
Paresis
Partial paralysis
| Spinal cord not severed
106
What paraplegia.
Lower extremities impacted
107
What is quadriplegia?
All limbs impacted
108
What is hemiplegia?
One side of body impacted
109
What is a clonic seizure?
Rhythmic, violent movements, loss of consciousness
110
Movita therapy
Feelings acknowledged as uncontrollable
Focus on taking constructive action
External environment is focus
111
Naikan therapy
Psychology of reflection
112
Troidens model of homosexual identity
Sensitization
Identity confusion
Identity assumption
Commitment
113
Stages of Alzheimer's
1 - short term memory loss
2- retro/anterograde amnesia, restlessness, mood sx
3 - serious impairment
114
Acetylcholine
Transmission from peripheral nerves to muscles
115
GABA
Inhibitory - limbic system - huntingtons
116
Paradoxical directive
Patient is told to engage in symptomatic behavior
117
Haldol treats the ---- sx of schizo
Positive
118
Agonist
Facilitates neurotransmitters
119
Antagonist
Blocks or inhibits neurotransmitters
120
Cholinergic
Synaptic transmission mediated by acetylcholine
121
Dopaminergic
Synaptic transmission facilitated by dopamine
122
Stroop test used to diagnose
Attentional problems
123
Social role theorists
People in lower roles more effective in evaluating ppl in higher roles
124
What kind of memory is impaired in dementia?
Recall and recognition
125
What kind of memory is typically impaired in pseudodementia and depression?
Recall
126
Backward conditioning
Ineffective
127
Whose academic perf is most improved by authoritative parenting?
Whites
128
Which racial group is least likely to have authoritative parents?
Asians
129
What are Kohlberg's stages of gender development and ages at which they develop?
Identity (3)
Stability (4)
Constancy (5-6)
130
What area of the brain is most impacted in Parkinson's ?
Substantia nigra
131
What is arbitrary inference?
Drawing conclusion based on insufficient / contradictory information
132
According to equity theory, what is the relationship btw pay and motivation?
Complex and mediated by other factors
133
What are the three qualities of hypnosis
Absorption, dissociation, suggestibility
134
What are the relationships between expressed emotion in the family and relapse of mood disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia?
```
ED = .51
Mood = .39
Schizo = .31
```
135
Krumboltz theory of career development based on
Social learning
136
```
Hersey -
L ability h responsibility
H ability l responsibility
L ability l responsibility
H ability h responsibility
```
Selling
Participatory
Telling
Delegating
137
Proactive info
Prior info learned interferes
138
Retroactive interference
Recent info interferes with remembering
139
Gender difference in prevalence of major depression
Twice as prevalent in girls and women than boys and men; equal male and female during childhood
140
What is typically the best predictor of a disorder?
Family history
141
Nonsexist therapy vs feminist therapy?
Less focused on sociopolitical context - more focused on personal change
142
Principle strategies of motivational interviewing
Open ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summary statements
143
How do you calculate effect size?
Divide the difference between the means of the experimental and control groups by the standard deviation of the control group
144
Kappa
Inter rater reliability
145
What is agranulocytosis ? What are its sx? What is it a side effect of?
Failure of bone marrow to produce a certain kind of white blood cells, increasing susceptibility to infection
Fever sore throat chills mouth ulcers lethargy weakness
Clozapine, carbamazepine - atypical antipsychotics
146
What are some side effects of lithium?
Nausea fever diarrhea vomiting metallic taste in mouth hand tremor increased thirst impaired memory/concentration
147
What are the three components of "hardiness"?
Commitment
Control
Challenge
148
Experimental neurosis
Pavlov - conditioning - when presented with difficult discriminations btw stimuli
149
Relationship btw divorce and suicide?
More recent the divorce, the more likely is suicide
150
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of sound
151
What is a morpheme?
The smallest unit of sound that conveys meaning
152
Ideomotor apraxia
Left parietal apraxia
| Cannot pretend to perform actions but can do them using the actual objects
153
According to Sue and Zane, what two factors enhance therapy outcomes with minority groups?
Credibility and giving (including normalizing and instilling hope)
154
Optimal difficulty level for test items to maximize reliability?
.50
155
Classic migraines vs common migraines
Classic - Begin with an aura
Common - Does not begin with an aura and may be exacerbated by bending or lifting
Both involve throbbing pain
156
Panic disorder diagnosis required
2 or more unexpected panic attacks
| At least one followed by at least one month of worrying about having another attack
157
What does a forced-choice technique address?
Leniency bias
158
Diagnostic timing for adjustment disorder?
Symptoms develop within three months of the onset of the stressor
Do not persist for more than six months after the stressor has ended
159
What is the dismantling strategy in research design?
Used to determine the effect of each component of a multi-component treatment and involved administering different components to different groups
160
What is a counterbalanced research design?
With-subjects designs that control order or practice effects by administering the levels of IV to different groups of subjects in different orders
161
What is the Solomon four group design
Used to evaluate the impact of pretesting on ext and int validity
162
Multi component memory model
```
Working memory includes:
Central executive (attentional control system)
Three subsystems (phonological loop, Visio-spatial sketch pad, episodic buffer)
```
163
IQ concordance
Identical twins reared together = .85
Identical twins reared apart = .67
Bio siblings reared together = .45
Unrelated individuals reared together = .06
164
Survival analysis
Used to measure the amount of time that passes before a particular event occurs
165
Trend analysis
Identifies patterns or trends such as linear or nonlinear relationships
166
Time series analysis
Collect data over time - eg, measuring dependent variable multiple times after applying independent variable
167
Correlation coefficient for rank order
Spearman rho
168
Contingency coefficient
Used when both variables are measured on a nominal scale
169
Biserial coefficient
One continuous, one artificial dichotomy
170
Phi coefficient
Both variables are true dichotomies
171
Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
Hand tremor, insomnia, hallucinations, grand mal seizures
172
Symptoms of amphetamine withdrawal
Dysphoric mood, vivid dreams, insomnia, increased appetite
173
Symptoms of opioid withdrawal
Dysphoric mood, restlessness, insomnia, fever
174
When is the primacy effect most powerful?
Speeches given back to back and there is a delay
175
What is there difference between a beta weight and a beta coefficient .
Beta coefficient is standardized
176
At what age do infants recognize their own reflection in the mirror?
21 months
177
At what age do children recognize race as a physical, social, and biological category?
10 yrs
