Tutoring Session Flashcards
what are characteristics of benign vs malignant lesions
benign - single, geographic, short zone, respecting borders, well defined, no pain**
malignant - mutliple, long zone, moth eaten, permeative, periosteal reaction, destroying borders, ill defined, pain**
** pain is subjective but most commonly benign are not painful and malignant are painful
what tumor causes cachexia and pain
multiple myeloma
cachexia - wasting of the body
what tumor occurs in and affects the red marrow of bone causing osteopenia
multiple myeloma
what is needed to confirm diagnosis of multiple myeloma
aspiration and biopsy of bone marrow
sternum and ilium
what are rare sclerotic lesions of multiple myeloma called
POEMS
what malignant tumor spares the pedicles
multiple myeloma
what are risk factors for multiple myeloma
farmers, exposure to wood dust, nuclear exposure
what is the mnemonic for lytic lesions
fog machines
feg nomashic
fibrous dysplasia
enchondroma
giant cell tumor
non ossifying fibroma osteoblastoma myeloma ABC simple bone cyst hyperPTH infection chondroblastoma
what is the most common sclerotic lesion tumor
central osteosarcoma
central osteosarcoma typically results in what issues in the limbs
asymmetry or taller limb
what part of the bones does central osteosarcoma affect
metaphysis
where will central osteosarcoma not spread to
physis - limits spread of tumor
what tumor will metastasize to the lungs via the blood
central osteosarcoma
“cannonball mets”
what tumor can cause a pneumothorax
central osteosarcoma - mets to lungs via blood “cannonball mets”
what tumor can cause skip lesions in the spine via mets
central osteosarcoma
condmans triangle and spiculated cortex describes what type of tumor
central osteosarcoma
what does central osteosarcoma look like on MRI sequences T1, T2, STIR
t1 - low
t2 - high
stir - high
high due to edema
secondary osteosarcoma arises from what
what is the most common
benign bone tumor
pagets bone 44%
what lab value can help monitor if pagets bone has gone malignant
alkaline phosphatase
what is the process of thinking to know what a tumor is
benign or malignant
matrix - bone, fibrous, cartilage
location
unique features
what is advantage of conventional radiography
non invasive
what percent of bone needs to be diminished in order to observe it on xray
30-50%