Normal Variants Flashcards
congenital anomalies of cervical spine are common or uncommon
uncommon
majority of affected individuals (cervical anomalies) are ___
if symptoms develop, they are due to what
asymptomatic
due to instability or degenerative OA
patients with upper cervical anomalies have a tendency to develop what
secondary to what
early instability and neurological problems
secondary to minor traumatic events
if symptoms occur in the lower cervical spine they usually occur when
due to what
in adult life
due to degenerative arthritis in the HYPERMOBILE articulations adjacent to areas of synostosis
the good prognosis of cervical lesions are overshadowed by what
hidden or unrecognized anomalies
what anomalies are considered to occur in high incidences
scoliosis sprengels deformity renal anomalies deafness neurological malformation
early recognition and treatment is essential why
it spares the patient from further deformity or serious illness
if you have a altered nerve root function then what do you rule out
herniated disc
nerve tumor
syrinx
what image modality do you use to see a syrinx
MRI
is thyroid calcification normal
what should you not confuse this with
yes its normal
vertebral artery calcification
supracondylar process may causes compression of what
compression of median nerve (neuropathy) especially following trauma
compression of brachial artery may occur as well
what are the symptoms of someone with a supracondylar process
what is associated with this process
patient complains of paresthesias in the hand - carpal tunnel like symptoms
ligament of struthers - connects medial epicondyle of the humerus
ligament of struthers is a __ anomaly that compresses the median nerve, brachial artery, or both
congenital anomaly
what is eagles syndrome
symptoms
stylohyoid ligament calcification (elongated)
foreign body sensation in the throat, dysphagia, and intermittent facial pain
others - headache, pain on neck rotation, pain on extension of the tongue, change in voice, and sensation of hyper salivation
how do you diagnose eagles syndrome
radiologically
confirm by palpation of tonsillar fossa
sprengels deformity is usually unilateral or bilateral
unilateral
20-25% of sprengel deformities occur with what syndrome
klippel feil syndrome
what bone is seen in 30-40% of sprengels deformity cases
omovertebral bone
downs syndrome causes what congenital anomaly in the spine
laxity of the transverse atlas ligament
what are downs syndrome signs and symptoms due to
mechanical compression of the cervical nerve roots or spinal cord and vertebral arteries may be distorted
gait deterioation, weakness, loss of muscle tone in legs, increased deep tendon reflexes in arms and legs
should you manipulate a person with a downs syndrome
no, its always dangerous adjusting the cervical spine due to laxity of the transverse atlas ligament
what subluxation usually occurs in downs patients
anterior subluxation of atlas
7-8 mm between anterior arch of C1 and odontoid process of C2
how should down syndrome patients be screened to rule out atlantoaxial instability
screened with flexed and extended lateral views
down syndrome patients should restrict contact sports if the ADI is what
> 4.5 mm
adults with down syndrome are prone to developing what
cervical myelopathy secondary to cervical spondylosis
higher incidence of disc herniation occurs in what congenital anomaly
where does it occur
age
spina bifida occulta at S1
L5-S1 disc herniation
> 41 years
what occurs due to a congenital block vertebrae
myelopathy secondary to degeneration and spondylosis
what imaging is helpful to evaluate secondary soft complication of disc disease, stenosis, and other neurovascular problems
MRI
what occurs when complete or partial ossification of the oblique portion of the atlantooccipital membrane
posterior ponticle at C1
what should one worry about when adjusting a posterior ponticle at C1
what adjust are we worried about
vertebrobasilar insufficiency
rotatory adjustments
os vesalianum should not be confused with what
old fracture of 5th metatarsal bone
where is os fabella located
lateral head of gastroc
dislocation of the lateral head of gastroc may cause shifting of fragment producing pain
lunate triquetrum coalition occurs when
scapholunate ligament tear due to distal radius fracture
creates widening of scapholunate joint space due to tear of SL ligament
