Tutorial Mock Examen Questions 21/22

Question 1

The commonly named subcategories of long-term memory systems are…

(a) Endogenous and exogenous
(b) Explicit and embedded
(c) Declarative and non-declarative
(d) Perceptual and episodic

Answer 1

(c) Declarative and non-declarative

Question 2

Recalling a studied dance move is an example of

(a) semantic memory
(b) procedural memory
(c) classical conditioning
(d) habituation

Answer 2

(b) procedural memory

Question 3

Which of the following is no commonly accepted stage of memory
(a) Encoding
(b) Consolidation
(c) Retrieval
(d) Buffering

Answer 3

(d) Buffering

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true about patient H.M. ?

(a) H.M. had an impaired IQ after resection of his medial temporal lobe.
(b) H.M.was treated for epilepsy.
(c) H.M. had no ability to form new long-term memory.
(d) H.M.showed mild retrograde amnesia.

Answer 4

(a) H.M. had an impaired IQ after resection of his medial temporal lobe.

Question 5

A patient with anterograde amnesia has difficulties..

(a) to remember all events before the injury including memories of the distant past.
(b) to remember all memories right before the injury, but has preserved memories of the distant
past.
(c) to remember new information.
(d) to learn new skills.

Answer 5

(c) to remember new information.

Question 6

Which of the following statements on the medial temporal lobe memory system is true?

(a) The medial temporal lobe system includes as primary areas hypothalamus and amygdala.
(b) Integrates information on object identity and context.
(c) Is not involved in the encoding process.
(d) Stores long-term memory traces.

Answer 6

(b) Integrates information on object identity and context.

Question 7

Memory retrieval of long-term consolidated memories

(a) occurs via a retrieval cue activating memory traces in hippocampal systems.
(b) occurs via a retrival cue activating memory traces in neocortex.
(c) occurs within hippocampal and parahippocampal systems.
(d) occurs in the amygdala.

Answer 7

(b) occurs via a retrival cue activating memory traces in neocortex.

Question 8

Which of the following statements on muscle innervation is true?

(a) Upper motor neurons can innervate multiple muscle fibres.
(b) Motor neuronal innervation runs entirely ipsilateral from brain to muscle.
(c) A motor unit is composed by several motor neurons and a single muscle fibre.
(d) A motor unit is composed by one lower motor neuron and several muscle fibres.

Answer 8

(d) A motor unit is composed by one lower motor neuron and several muscle fibres.

Question 9

Pyramidal tracts control

(a) voluntary movement
(b) involuntary movement
(c) monosynaptic reflexes
(d) polysynaptic reflexes

Answer 9

(a) voluntary movement

Question 10

Which of the following statements on the primary motor cortex (M1) is not true.
(a) The representation of the hand is disproportionally large.
(b) M1 neurons code for movement direction using population vectors.
(c) M1 code for muscles groups with a homunculus.
(d) M1primarily processes information for sensory-motor integration.

Answer 10

(d) M1primarily processes information for sensory-motor integration.

Question 11

Typical Parkinson’s Disease symptoms do not include

(a) non-motor symptoms
(b) rigiditiy
(c) bradikinesia
(d) ataxia

Answer 11

(d) ataxia

Question 12

Negative reinforcement describes
(a) a stimulus representing an unconditioned incentive.
(b) a stimulus representing a conditioned incentive.
(c) strengthening of a behaviour after presentation of a positive consequence.
(d) strengthening of a behaviour after removal of a negative consequence.

Answer 12

(d) strengthening of a behaviour after removal of a negative consequence.

Question 13

Mesolimbic dopamine does not play a primary role in

(a) motor control
(b) motivational and emotional responses
(c) addiction
(d) processing of reward and desire

Answer 13

(a) motor control

Question 14

According to Schultz et al. 1997 a positive reward prediction error is followed by
(a) a dip in phasic mesolimbic dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
(b) a spike in phasic mesolimbic dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
(c) a spike in tonic dopamine in the substantia nigra.
(d) a drop of tonic cortical dopamine.

Answer 14

(b) a spike in phasic mesolimbic dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.

Question 15

Thorndike’s law of effect suggests that..

(a) stimulus-response associations are weakened by rewards.
(b) stimulus-response associations are strengthened by rewards.
(c) a response producing a punishment is more likely to occur in a similar situation in the future.
(d) punishment and reward influence classical conditioning.

Answer 15

(b) stimulus-response associations are strengthened by rewards.

Question 16

Temporal discounting describes that..
(a) a sooner smaller reward is discounted more than a later larger reward.
(b) a later larger reward is discounted more than a sooner smaller reward.
(c) all reward sizes discount at the same rate over time.
(d) reward values remain constant over time.

Answer 16

(b) a later larger reward is discounted more than a sooner smaller reward.

Question 17

The prefrontal cortex can be defined

(a) based on the regions of the frontal lobe that elicit movements when stimulated.
(b) based on projection zones of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.
(c) based on projection zones of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus.
(d) based on basal ganglia projection zones.

Answer 17

(b) based on projection zones of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.

Question 18

Prefrontal cortical lesions result in
(a) anterograde memory loss.
(b) bradykinesia and rigidity.
(c) disinhibition and planning deficits.
(d) visual field deficits.

Answer 18

(c) disinhibition and planning deficits.

Question 19

In signal detection theory, high overlap of the noise and signal distribution

(a) has no influence on discriminability and performance accuracy.
(b) influences discriminability and performance accuracy.
(c) leads to more correct rejections.
(d) leads to less false positives.

Answer 19

(b) influences discriminability and performance accuracy.

Question 20

Potential origins of signal-to-noise variability do not include
(a) stimulus fluctuations.
(b) sensory processing.
(c) central processing such as attention processing.
(d) driftrate.

Answer 20

(d) driftrate

Question 21

In drift diffusion models
(a) constant evidence relates to choice probabilities.
(b) accumulating evidence relates to behavioural responses chosen when a decision threshold is
reached.
(c) constant evidence relates to behavioural responses chosen based on a set decision threshold.
(d) Drift rate is independent of the strength of sensory evidence.

Answer 21

(b) accumulating evidence relates to behavioural responses chosen when a decision threshold is
reached.

Question 22

In perceptual decision making,
(a) a signal that is more coherent, corresponds to a slower accumulation of evidence (drift rate).
(b) a signal that is more coherent, corresponds to a faster accumulation of evidence (driftrate).
(c) varying coherence does not affect performance accuracy or reaction times.
(d) varying coherence increases performance accuracy and increases reaction times.

Answer 22

(b) a signal that is more coherent, corresponds to a faster accumulation of evidence (driftrate).

Question 23

Blind sight and hemineglect are discussed in consciousness research
(a) as the opposites of consciousness.
(b) as examples for conscious processing of stimuli that patients are not aware of.
(c) as phenomenons that consciousness cannot explain.
(d) as examples of normal consciousness as measured with wakefulness.

Answer 23

(b) as examples for conscious processing of stimuli that patients are not aware of.

Question 24

Which of the following theories is not a neural theory on consciousness?
(a) Theory of microconsciousness.
(b) Theory of hierarchy.
(c) Theory of recurrent processing.
(d) Theory of a global working space.

Answer 24

(b) Theory of hierarchy.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a subscale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?
(a) verbal comprehension
(b) processingspeed
(c) associative ability
(d) perceptual organization

Answer 25

(c) associative ability

Question 26

A common theory of intelligence suggests
(a) brain volume to be most predictive for intelligence.
(b) gender to be most predictive for intelligence.
(c) individual differences in cognitive function to derive from differences in neural efficiency.
(d) peripheral nerve conduction velocity to be a poor predictor of general intelligence (g-factor).

Answer 26

(c) individual differences in cognitive function to derive from differences in neural efficiency.

Question 27

Which of the following assumptions is true?
(a) Intelligence has a heritability that varies across lifespan.
(b) IQ can be measured independent from cultural biases.
(c) Intelligence has a heritability of approximately 50%.
(d) Brain activity does not relate to performance in an IQ test.

Answer 27

(a) Intelligence has a heritability that varies across lifespan.
&
(c) Intelligence has a heritability of approximately 50%.

Question 28

The theory of neural resources states that
(a) neural activity is negatively correlated with behavioural performance.
(b) neural activity is positively correlated with behavioural performance.
(c) neural activity and behavioural performance are uncorrelated.
(d) The relationship between neural activity and behavioural performances has not yet been
investigated in neuroscience.

Answer 28

(b) neural activity is positively correlated with behavioural performance.

Question 29

Reliable methods to measure arousal responses before or during emotional experiences include
(a) measurement of saliva production.
(b) measurement of saccades.
(c) measurement of skin conductance.
(d) measurement of pupil dilatation.

Answer 29

(c) measurement of skin conductance.

Question 30

The James-Lange theory suggests that
(a) emotional experiences trigger peripheral nervous system responses inducing arousal.
(b) peripheral nervous system responses to arousing stimuli trigger emotional experience.
(c) peripheral nervous system responses and emotional experiences occur simultaneously.
(d) Emotional experiences are unrelated to peripheral nervous system responses.

Answer 30

(b) peripheral nervous system responses to arousing stimuli trigger emotional experience.