Tutorial 5 - Living With Dying Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of death in the western world?

A

cancer and IHD

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2
Q

What is a terminal illness?

A

an incurable ailment leading to death

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3
Q

What are some psychological effects of diagnosis with terminal illness?

A
  • anxiety about death

- depression about hopeless situation

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4
Q

What are some social effects of diagnosis with terminal illness?

A
  • social isolation - maybe immune system not up to having certain visitors
  • financial worries
  • employment -continue to work or not?
  • dependence on family members for care
  • consider will and legal matters
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5
Q

What are some medical effects of diagnosis with a terminal illness?

A
  • change in medical treatment
  • decision about advanced care directives, DNRs etc
  • change of care environment? e.g. from hospital to home?
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6
Q

What is palliative care?

A
  • a philosophy of care that emphasises quality of life
  • performed by a MDT
  • mostly provided in primary care with support
  • improves QoL of patients and families who face life-threatening illness, by providing pain and symptom relief, spiritual and psychosocial support
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7
Q

What is the main purpose of palliative care?

A

to ensure that patients have autonomy and dignity in the final stages of their illness until death - this means making sure their wishes about where, when and how they are cared for is listened to and put in to action

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8
Q

What tool can be used to know if a patient is at a palliative stage?

A

the ‘Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool’

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9
Q

How does the palliative care process begin?

A

by producing an ‘Anticipatory Care Plan’

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10
Q

What questions are asked for an Anticipatory Care Plan to be formulated?

A
  • Where do they want to be cared for?
  • DNR?
  • Who is to be informed about their care and changes in their condition?
  • Are they fully aware of their prognosis?
  • Is their family aware of their prognosis?
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11
Q

What should happen after a discussion about an anticipatory care plan has taken place?

A

patient should be placed on the practice’s Palliative Care Register

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12
Q

What tool can be used to evaluate how quickly the situation is changing for the patient and to see of their care needs need to be re-evaluated?

A

Palliative Performance Scale

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13
Q

What are 3 purposes of the Palliative Performance Scale?

A
  • good communication tool for quickly describing a patient’s current functioning level
  • appears to have prognostic value
  • may have value for workload assessment or other measurements and comparisons
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14
Q

Why is it important to have palliative care in primary care?

A
  • part of the quality and outcomes framework
  • ensures practices have a register of palliative patients
  • ensures that the team meet regularly to discuss the cases
  • enhances communication between team members
  • out of hours also notified of palliative cases
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15
Q

What does the WHO view as positives for palliative care?

A
  • provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms
  • affirms life and regards dying as a normal process
  • intends neither to hasten nor postpone death
  • integrates the psychosocial and spiritual aspects of patient care
  • offers a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death
  • offers support system to help family cope during the patient’s illness and in their own bereavement
  • uses a team approach to address the needs of the patient and their families, including bereavement counselling if indicated
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16
Q

Other than primary care, what other healthcare professionals are involved in palliative care?

A
  • Macmillan nurses
  • CLAN
  • Marie Curie Nurses
  • Religious/cultural groups
  • other support networks e.g. websites
  • third sector organisations
17
Q

What are markers of a ‘good’ death?

A
  • pain free
  • open acknowledgement of the imminence of death
  • death at home surrounded by family and friends
  • an ‘aware’ death, in which personal conflicts and unfinished business are resolved
  • death as a personal growth
  • death according to personal preference and in a manner that resonates with the person’s individuality
  • without excessive medical intervention e.g. respirators etc
18
Q

What are the 8 principles of breaking bad news?

A
  • listen
  • set the scene
  • find out what the patient understands
  • find out how much the patient wants to know
  • share information using a common language
  • review and summarise
  • allow opportunities for questions
  • agree follow up and support
19
Q

What are possible reactions to bad news? (also stages of grief)

A
  • anger
  • shock
  • denial
  • bargaining
  • relief
  • sadness
  • fear
  • guilt
  • anxiety
  • distress
20
Q

How can you respond well to a patient’s reaction to bad news?

A
  • listen
  • acknowledge the issue
  • explore the reasons for the request
  • explore ways of giving more control to the patient
  • look for treatable problems
  • remember spiritual issues
  • admit powerlessness
21
Q

What is grief?

A

a primary emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one

22
Q

What are the 5 stages of grief?

A
  • denial
  • anger
  • bargaining
  • depression
  • acceptance
23
Q

What are the 4 Parke’s stages of adjustment in grief?

A
  • numbness
  • pining/searching/ yearning
  • depression/ disorganisation/despair
  • recovery/ reorganisation
24
Q

What is euthanasia?

A

deliberate ending of a person’s life with or without their request

25
Q

What role does the GP principal or Partner have?

A
  • run the practice

- sometime there is only one GP partner, but normally it is a group

26
Q

What is a sessional/salaried GP?

A

employed by the practice and receives salary for a fixed number of hours worked

27
Q

What is a GP locum?

A
  • freelance GP
  • employed to cover leave or sickness and to back-fill a practice GP attending a meeting or activity outside of the practice
28
Q

What does a GP do?

A
  • acute treatment
  • chronic management
  • transfer of hospital work
  • paperwork
  • meetings, training and education
  • shift work for out of hours
  • special interest
29
Q

When is communication important to a GP?

A
  • electronic lab results
  • telephone
  • email
  • interprofessional meetings
  • communication across organisations
  • communication with other industries
  • with hospitals
30
Q

What is the Quality and Outcome Framework?

A
  • annual reward and incentive programme detailing GP practice achievement results
  • rewards GPs for how well they care for their patients, and ca be viewed as a set of clinical standards
31
Q

What does the Quality and Outcome Framework award surgeries achievement points for?

A
  • managing some of the most common chronic diseases e.g. asthma, diabetes
  • implementing preventative measures e.g. regular BP checks
  • extra services offered e.g. maternity services
  • the quality and productivity of the service, including the avoidance of emergency admissions to hospital
  • compliance with the minimum time a GP should spend with each patient at each appointment