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Global Business > Tutorial 4 > Flashcards

Tutorial 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 2

cognitive pillar

A

The internalized, taken-for- granted values and beliefs that guide individual and firm behaviour

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2
Q

Chapter 2

normative pillar

A

The mechanism through which norms influence individual and firm behaviour.

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3
Q

Chapter 2

regulatory pillar

A

The coercive power of governments

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4
Q

Chapter 2

Institution based view: Proposition 1

A

Managers and firms rationally pursue their interests and make choices within the formal and informal constraints in a given institutional framework.

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5
Q

Chapter 2

Institution based view: Proposition 2

A

Although formal and informal institutions combine to govern firm behaviour, in situations where formal constraints are unclear or fail, informal constraints will play a larger role in reducing uncertainty and providing constancy to managers and firms.

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6
Q

Chapter 2

proportional representation

A

Election system that allocates seats in parliament in proportion to the votes received by each party (usually subject to minimum threshold).

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7
Q

Chapter 2

first-past-the-post system

A

Election system by which in each constituency the candidate with the relative majority of votes gets the seat.

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8
Q

Chapter 2

Authoritarianism

A

A political system in which power is concentrated in the hands of one person or a small elite

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9
Q

Chapter 2

lobbying

A

Making your views known to decision makers with the aim to influence political processes.

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10
Q

Chapter 2

corruption

A

The abuse of public power for private benefits

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11
Q

Chapter 2

Non-market strategy

A

Political and social activities aimed at influencing the rules set in their host countries.

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12
Q

Chapter 2

varieties of capitalism

A

A scholarly view suggesting that economies have different inherent logics
on how markets and other mechanisms coordinate economic activity

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13
Q

Chapter 2

liberal market economy (LME)

A

A system of coordination primarily through market signals.

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14
Q

Chapter 2

coordinated market economy (CME)

A

A system of coordinating through a variety of other means in addition to market signals.

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15
Q

Chapter 2

apprenticeship system

A

Vocational training system for crafts and professions.

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16
Q

Chapter 2

civil law

A

A legal tradition that uses comprehensive statutes and codes as a primary means to form legal judgments.

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17
Q

Chapter 2

common law

A

A legal tradition that is shaped by precedents and traditions from previous judicial decisions.

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18
Q

Chapter 2

case law

A

Rules of law that have been created by precedents of cases in court.

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19
Q

Chapter 2

property rights

A

The legal rights to use
an economic property (resource) and to derive income and benefits from it.

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20
Q

Chapter 2

intellectual property rights (IPRs)

A

Rights associated with the ownership of intellectual property.

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21
Q

Chapter 2

patents

A

Legal rights awarded by government authorities
to inventors of new technological ideas, who are given exclusive (monopoly) rights to derive income from such inventions.

22
Q

Chapter 2

copyrights

A

Exclusive legal rights of authors and publishers to publish and disseminate their work.

23
Q

Chapter 2

trademark

A

Exclusive legal rights of firms to use specific names, brands and designs to differentiate their products from others.

24
Q

Chapter 2

corporate governance

A

rules by which shareholders and other interested parties control corporate decision-makers

25
Q

Chapter 3

expatriate assignments

A

A temporary job abroad with a multinational company.

26
Q

Chapter 3

informal instituations

A

Rules that are not formalized but exist in, for example, norms, values and ethics

27
Q

Chapter 3

artefacts of culture

A

Physical objects that represent the visible surface of culture.

28
Q

Chapter 3

power distance

A

The extent to which less powerful members within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally

29
Q

Chapter 3

individualism

A

The perspective that the identity of an individual is fundamentally their own

30
Q

Chapter 3

collectivism

A

The idea that the identity of an individual is primarily based on the identity of their collective group.

31
Q

Chapter 3

in-group

A

Individuals and firms regarded as part of ‘us’

32
Q

Chapter 3

out group

A

Individuals and firms not regarded as part of ‘us

33
Q

Chapter 3

masculinity

A

Values traditionally associated with male role, such as assertive, decisive and aggressive.

34
Q

Chapter 3

femininity

A

Values traditionally associated with female role, such as compassion, care and quality of life.

35
Q

Chapter 3

uncertainity avoidance

A

The extent to which members in different cultures accept ambiguous situations and tolerate uncertainty

36
Q

Chapter 3

long-term orientation

A

A perspective that emphasizes perseverance and savings for future betterment

37
Q

Chapter 3

secular societies

A

Societies where religion does not dominate public life.

38
Q

Chapter 3

corporate language

A

The language used for communications between entities of the same MNE in different countries

39
Q

Chapter 3

lingua franca

A

The dominance of one language as a global business language

40
Q

Chapter 3

subculture

A

Groups within a nation sharing a culture that substantially varies from the national average.

41
Q

Chapter 3

cultural convergence

A

Hypothesis that cultures are becoming more similar

42
Q

Chapter 3

cultural divergence

A

Hypothesis that cultures are becoming less similar

43
Q

Chapter 3

organizational culture

A

Culture shared by people working in the organization

44
Q

Chapter 3

cultural tightness-loosness

A

The strength of social norms and the degree of sanctioning within societies

45
Q

Chapter 3

cultural cluster

A

Countries that share similar cultures

46
Q

Chapter 3

cultural distance

A

The difference between two cultures along some dimensions of value or subjective affinity.

47
Q

Chapter 3

institutional distance

A

The extent of similarity or dissimilarity between the regulatory, normative and cognitive institutions of two countries

48
Q

Chapter 3

ethical relativism

A

A perspective that suggests that all ethical standards are relative

49
Q

Chapter 3

ethical imperalism

A

The absolute belief that ‘there is only one set of Ethics (with the capital E), and we have it’

50
Q

Chapter 3

code of conduct

A

Written policies and standards for corporate conduct and ethics

Global Business (8 decks)

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