Tutorial 3 Flashcards
Which of the following are incorrectly matched?
a) central nervous system: composed of the brain and spinal cord
b) somatic nervous system: includes motor neurons to skeletal muscles
c) sympathetic nervous system: includes motor neurons to skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
d) peripheral nervous system: includes cranial and spinal nerves
e) autonomic nervous system: includes parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
c) sympathetic nervous system: includes motor neurons to skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
Match the description with the correct term: The portion of a neuron containing a nucleus
Cell body
Match the description with the correct term: Rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal
Synaptic end bulb
Match the description with the correct term: Highly branched, input part of a neuron
Dendrite
Match the description with the correct term: Sac in which neurotransmitter is stored
Synaptic vesicle
Match the description with the correct term: Neuron located entirely within the CNS
Interneuron
Match the description with the correct term: Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron
Axon
Match the description with the correct term: Produces myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann cell
Match the description with the correct term: Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
Match the description with the correct term: Substance that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction
Myelin sheath
Match the description with the correct term: Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector
Motor neuron
Match the description with the correct term: Bundle of many axons in the CNS
Tract
Match the description with the correct term: Group of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Match the description with the correct term: Substance used for communication at chemical synapses
Neurotransmitter
Match the description with the correct term: Group of cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglion
Match the description with the correct term: Bundle of many axons in the PNS
Nerve
Match the description with the correct term: Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS
Sensory neuron
- Damage to dendrites would interfere with a neuron’s ability to:
a) receive input
b) make proteins
c) conduct nerve impulses to another neuron
d) release neurotransmitters
e) form myelin
a) receive input
- The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the
a) astrocyte
b) myelinocyte
c) Schwann cell
d) oligodendrocyte
e) microglia
d) oligodendrocyte
What are Neuroglia?
Cells that are smaller than neurons, and can readily multiply and divide to fill in brain areas, a power that neurons do not possess
Neuroglia make up half the volume of CNS, and do not function to conduct nerve impulses.
What type of neuroglia are star shaped connective tissue cells and help form the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
- Star shaped connective tissue cells
- link nerve cells to blood vessels
- help form the blood-brain barrier by wrapping round brain capillaries
What type of neuroglia:
- have an adventitial structure of the central nervous system
- capable of creating myelin
Oligodendrocytes
What type of neuroglia:
- Are migratory
- Act as phagocytes of waste products from the nervous system
Microglia
What type of neuroglia:
- Form the membrane, lining the cerebral ventricles
- The ventricles are interconnected, fluid filled chambers within the brain and central canal of the spine
Ependymal
What type of neuroglia:
- Surround the axons of the peripheral nerves
- Forming the myelin sheath of myelinated nerve fibers and also providing support for nonmyelinated nerves
Schwann cell
What type of neuroglia:
- Are neuroglial cells surrounding the cell body of a neuron in the spinal, cranial and autonomic ganglia
Satellite cells
A bundle of axons in the CNS is:
a) a tract
b) a nucleus
c) a mixed nerve
d) a ganglion
e) an enteric plexus
a) a tract
In a resting neuron:
a) there is a high concentration of potassium ions outside the cell
b) negatively charged ions move freely through the plasma membrane
c) the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of sodium ions inside the cell
d) the outside surface of the plasma membrane has a negative charge
e) the plasma membrane is highly permeable to sodium ions
c) the sodium-potassium pumps help maintain the low concentration of sodium ions inside the cell
Place the following events in the correct order of occurrence:
- Voltage-gated sodium channels open and permit sodium ions to rush inside the neuron
- The sodium/potassium pump restores the ions to their original sites
- A stimulus of threshold strength is applied to the neuron
- The membrane polarisation changes from negative to positive
- Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium flows out of the neurons.
3,1,4,5,2
If a stimulus is strong enough to generate an action potential, the impulse generated is of a constant size. A stronger stimulus cannot generate a larger impulse. This is known as:
a) the principle of polarisation-depolarisation
b) salutatory conduction
c) the all-or-none principle
d) the principle of reflex action
e) the absolute refractory period
c) the all-or-none principle
The diencephalon is composed of the
a) medulla, pons and hypothalamus
b) midbrain, hypothalamus and thalamus
c) cerebellum and midbrain
d) medulla, pons and midbrain
e) hypothalamus and thalamus (& pineal
Gland)
e) hypothalamus and thalamus (& pineal
Gland)
Which part of the brain contains the centres that control the heart rate and breathing rhythm?
a) medulla
b) midbrain
c) cerebellum
d) thalamus
e) pons
a) medulla
