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Perception > Tut 3 Completly done !!! > Flashcards

Tut 3 Completly done !!! Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 Steps of color perception

A
  1. Detection
  2. Discrimination
  3. Appearance
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2
Q

What is detection regarding color perception?

A

Wavelengths must be detected

  1. S cone are sensitive to short wavelengths (BLUE)
  2. M cone are sensitivie to middle wavelengths red cone (GREEN)
  3. L cone are sensitive to long wavelengths (RED)
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3
Q

What is discrimination regarding color perception?

A

We must be able to tell the difference between wavelength(s).

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4
Q

What is appearance regarding color perception?

A

We assign perceived colors to object and they do not change as the viewing conditions change. (apple should be green or red not black)

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5
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum ?

A
  • The electromagnetic spectrum comprises the span of all electromagnetic radiation (wavelengths)
    1. Different wavelength means different color perceived
    2. Humans perceive from 400 to 700 nanometers
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6
Q

Define chromatic colors:

A
  • When some wavelength are more reflected then others
  • color
  • have brightness and hues
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7
Q

Define achromatic colors:

A
  • When all wavelengths are refelcted equally strong
  • White, gray and black
  • Have brightness but no hues
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8
Q

What is selective reflection ?

A
  • Process how we perceive wavelengths of chromatic colors/hues (so how we see the color)
  • If one wavelength gets more reflected than others.
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9
Q

What is selective transmission ?

A

-Process in which only some wavelengths pass through the object/substance (= liquids, plastics and glass).

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10
Q

How does color mixing happen and define color mixing?

A
  • Creating a new color that occurs when chromatic colors are reflected or absorbed before it reaches the eye to create new colors
    1. subtractive color mixture (paint)
    2. additive color mixture (lights)
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11
Q

Define subtractive color mixture:

A
  • Creation of new colors
    Subtractive color mixing is creating a new color by the removal or subtraction of wavelength
  • used by paint
    Draw it and compare to leos painting
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12
Q

Define additive color mixture:

A
  • wavelengths add up to be reflected, if u add wavelengths then it turns out to be seen as a different color (all add up are seen as white)
  • use by actual light
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13
Q

What does the Trichromatic theory of color vision say ?

A
  • The theory states that color vision depends on the activity of the combination of three cone receptor mechanisms
  • Also called Helmholtz theory
  • Basically, u can only see all colors if the receptors work together
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14
Q

Name some evidence of the Trichromatic theory of color vision:

A
  • Color-matching experiments:
  • Three different wavelengths mixed together until the color of the mixture matches the color of a single wavelength. Every color was possible to be matched by 3 receptors.
  • Takes place on receptor mechanism in retina
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15
Q

What is Metamerism ?

A

Lights are physically different (molecule structure) but they are perceptually identical.

  • two different molecules result in the same pattern of response in the three-cone receptors!
  • which means the combination of wavelength can be different but the perception is still the same.
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16
Q

What is the opponent process theory of color vision ?

A
  • Color vision works in pairs
  • They are opponent or antagonistic
    Blue yellow, black white and red green.
    These are receptor complex processes which state that you can only perceive one color at the time regarding these cells !
  • If u are exposed to both colors then u might create an afterimage.
17
Q

What is color constancy:

A
  • color is perceived as consistent (or the same )under different types of light as long as enough wavelengths are available !
18
Q

What is light constancy:

A
  • illumination/intensity: Amount of light striking the surface of the object.
  • Reflectance of object: Proportion of light that object reflects into our eyes.
  • So no matter how strong the illumination is the reflectance of the object will stay proportional for example always 10%
  • Only works with achromatic color
  • still have to work on
19
Q

How does the principle of color constancy determing the perception of the dress ?

A
  • Principle of color constancy is dealt with differently, depending on the person.
  • People with ‘cold illumination’ See dress as ‘white’ and lace as ‘gold’.
  • People with ‘warm illumination’ See dress as ‘blue’ and lace as ‘black’.
20
Q

Name the difference between humans and animals perceiving color:

A

Human perceive color differently than other animals do because we have 3 cones and others have 2 or maybe even four. That means they can perceive the world completely different

21
Q

What is chromatic adaptation ?

A
  • Color perception is affected by object’s surroundings
  • Which means if u walk in a room with red light u get soon a decreased reachtion toward long wavelngth so less sensitivity
  • cone pigment is over used
22
Q

Explain monochromat?

A
  • It is a type of color deficiency which is given at birth
  • it can only identify one single frequency of the electromagnetic light spectrum. (basically no color at all)
  • Do not have any cons so perceive the world in black gray and white!
23
Q

What is the problem of univerinace:

A

One photoreceptor is not enough to discrimnated color based on wavelength

  • we need 3 PR
  • Because one photoreceptor can perceive all kind of wavelength
24
Q

How do cone receptor respond to colour?

- Explain trough an example of color yellow

A
  • We have three different types of cones. S,M,L Cones
    L wavelength to an L cone fires a lot of action potential
  • L wavelength to an M cone respond less active
  • L wavelength to an S cone respond barely
25
Q

How does memory of color has an impact on perception ?

A
  • people know color of familiar objects
  • So they judge familiar objects with richer intensity compared to new objects even though they perceive the same amount of wavelength
26
Q

Name the three types of dicromatism and explain them:

A

Deuteranope: Absence of M cones
Protanope: Absence of L cones
Tritanope: Absence of S cones
- All lead to color blindness (of each kind)

27
Q

What is a single opponent cell:

A
  • Inner center is positive and outer segment is negative
  • Inner center has different color perceiving compared to outer
  • For example L wave inner and M wave for outer
  • Single opponent cell fires the best if center color = Background
  • explain trough out drawing
28
Q

What are double opponent cell:

A

the inner and outer segment have both two preferential
actions so L but both fire opposintly which means in one background they cancel each other out!
- Explain troughh out drawing

29
Q

What is saturation?

A

The strongness of hue!

- How strong a color is perceived

Perception (9 decks)

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