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Perception > Tut 1 Completly done !! > Flashcards

Tut 1 Completly done !! Flashcards

1
Q

What is bottom up processing ?

A
  • It is data based processing
  • A Stimuli reaching receptor which does not evaluate
  • Sensation
  • Information from enviorment to brain
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2
Q

What is top down processing ?

A
  • Prior knowledge memories, and expectations are involved
  • Receptors or Brain evaluate the picture u face or see
  • Perception
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3
Q

Name all the receptors

A

The receptors are

  1. visuell receptor
  2. auditory receptor
  3. touch receptors
  4. smell and taste receptors
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4
Q

Visual receptor respond to ?

A
  • light-sensitive chemical (responds to light)
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5
Q

Auditory receptor respond to ?

A
  • pressure changes in the air (tiny vibrating hairs to sense)
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6
Q

Touch receptors respond to ?

A
  • sense stimuli on the skin (’pressure detectors under the skin)
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7
Q

smell and taste receptors respond to?

A

two types of ‘’chemical detectors’’ to detect gases that are inhaled liquids that are ingested (entering mouth and nose)

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8
Q

The Perceptual Process:

A
  1. Exposed to a distal stimuli in the Environment
    1.2. Making a stimulus the center of attention (attendance stimulus)
  2. Reflection of light
  3. Receptor processing: What we perceive is transferred to an image on retina (proximal stimulus)
    3.2. Transduction: (light into electricity)
  4. Neurol processing = Transmission/ electrical signals activate other neurons TILL HERE IT IS TOP DOWN
    (From eye to the visual cortex)
  5. Perception: Conscious awareness of stimuli
  6. Recognition: Categorise object based on knowledge
  7. Take action (looking closer or move close )
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9
Q

What is the principle of representation?

A

Everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact with stimuli but on representations of stimuli that are formed on the receptors and on activity in the person’s nervous system.

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10
Q

Explain transduction (Step 4):

A 
Transduction:
visual pigment (reacts to light) ->gets transformt in electrical energy
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11
Q

Which brain regions are involved regarding senses:

A
  1. vision -> occipital lobe
  2. hearing -> temporal lobe
  3. skin senses -> parietal lobe
  4. Frontal lobe: Involve the coordination of information received through two or more senses.
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12
Q

What kind of function does knowledge have regarding the perceptual process?

A
  • Involved in all steps
  • Knowledge is any information that the perceiver brings to a situation.
  • most valued in step 5,6,7
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13
Q

What is agnosia ?

A

Inability to recognize objects (do to brain tumor)

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14
Q

Name the methods of figuring out the absolute threshold by Fechner!

A

All of them want to determine the smallest intensity needed to still realize a different!

  • That can be determined by:
  • Method of limits
  • Method of adjustment
  • Method of constant stimuli
  • Adaptive testing
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15
Q

Name the limitations of the absolute threshold:

A

Perception can be variable. Each person has different senitvitys

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16
Q

Explain the method of limits:

A
  • Stimuli will be either intensity increasing or intensity decreasing per round
  • First ‘‘no’’ crossover point (stimuli not perceived)
  • all crossover point will be averaged to identify absolute threshold
17
Q

Explain the method of adjustment:

A

The observer (not the experimenter) adjusts the stimulus intensity continuously until he or she can just barely detect the stimulus. Again then the average will be counted.

18
Q

Explain the method of constant stimuli:

A
  • Most accurate because of the random order of intensity

- the stimuli which u reported to realize 50 % of the time will the threshold value

19
Q

What is the magnitude estimation experiment by steven?

A
  • Researcher sets the magnitude of the stimuli and lets the participant decide if the next stimuli will be larger or smaller!
  • To see how perceived intensity changes in comparison to the actual intensity
  • It was done because by Fechner, only compression existed and steven figured out the expansion of a stimuli intensity trough out the experience!
20
Q

What is response compression ?

A

Perceptual magnitude (perceptual intensity) is lower than the actual intensity.

21
Q

What is response expansion ?

A

Perceptual magnitude (perceptual intensity) increases more than intensity !

22
Q

Define Stevens power law :

A
  • Function: P = KS^n.
  • Exponents less than 1.0 response compression (Fechner)
  • exponents greater than 1.0 are response expansion (Additional factor)
  • If n equals to 1 it is weber law
23
Q

What influences the determination of threshold intensity ?

A
  • Characteristics of the person
  • if the response criterion is low
    or if the response criterion is high
    Basically how sensitive an individual is
24
Q

What is the signal detection theory ?

A

Creating decisions under uncertainty

  • determines at what point is a signal strong enough to notice it
  • Gain the repsond criteria
25
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

A
  • Sensation is using the senses through touch, smell, sight, sound, and taste and perceiving infromtaion from it without interpeprtating
  • ‘Perception’ can be defined as how we interpret the world through our senses.
26
Q

What is the weber law ?

A
  • Its a linear constant function. (JND/S =K)
  • One standard weight and a comparison weight.
  • Comparison weight increases to identify JND
  • S = Standard value
  • K = Weber fraction (the amount needed in % to detect change)
27
Q

Define Fechners law:

A

Extansion of webers law:

  • the intensity of the stimulus increases, the amount of intensity we need to perceive a change does not remain constant
  • S = KlogR
  • Descrition = Curve goes up fast then decreases over time and stays at the same lvl
  • only describes response compression
28
Q

What is Prosopagnosia ?

A
  • Patient can see but not recognize faces

- Sensation works but perception does not

29
Q

What is the adaptive testing ?

A
  • Similar to method of limits

- the difference is: Stimuli around the threshold are presented

30
Q

What do the weber fechner and stevens law describe ?

A

They all describe the relationship between intensity needed for different exposure in a relationship with magnitude (size/weight)

31
Q

Key facts about perceptual process:

A
  • active
  • contiously changing process dynamic
  • peception does not show reality but shows what is important for brian
32
Q

Name the methods of measurement on perception:

A
  1. Psychophysical approach Telling the difference between two stimuli
  2. Electrophysiology (EEG observing neuron firing rate after a stimulus in comparison with two stimuli)
  3. Neuropsychology (Measuring brain activity whil person discribes just a stimuli)
33
Q

What is the oblique effect:

A

We perceive straight lines (horizontal / vertical) line more clearer then crossed lines because of our environment.

Perception (9 decks)

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