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Tuscany Flashcards

1
Q

When were with boundaries of Chianti first drawn?
By whom?

A

1716
Cosimo III de Medici

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2
Q

What is the traditional bottle used in Tuscany?

A

Fiasco

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3
Q

Who is attributed with developing the modern ‘formula’ for Chianti?
What was it?

A

Bettino Ricasoli
Primarily Sangiovese with Canaiolo as a blending partner and a recommendation of an addition of Malvasia Bianca Lunga for younger drinking wines

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4
Q

What were some changes that Bettino Ricasoli made to winemaking in Chianti?

A

Encépagement
Shortened post fermentation maceration periods
Switch from open top to sealed fermentation vessels
Advocated for lower vine training systems
Transitioned to Bordeaux shapes bottles

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5
Q

What are the Subzones of Chianti? (8)

A

Chianti Classico
Rùfina
Montalbano
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colli Aretini
Colline Pisane
Montespertoli

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6
Q

When did Niccolò Antinori blend Cabernet Sauvignon into his Tignanello wine, defaulting to the VdT label rather than Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

1971

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7
Q

What was the 1st monovarietal Sangiovese Super Tuscan in Chianti?

A

San Felice Vigorello in 1968
**today it is a Cabernet Merlot blend

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8
Q

List 3 famous monvarietal Sangiovese Super Tuscans

A

Isole e Olena Ceparello
Fontodi Flaccionello della Pieve
Montevertine Le Pergola Torte
Felsina Fontalloro

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9
Q

When was Chianti granted DOCG status?

A

1984

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10
Q

When was Chianti Classico granted DOCG status?

A

1996

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11
Q

When were regulations reformatted for Chianti to allow for 100% Sangiovese wines?

A

1996 (same year that Chianti Classico is granted DOCG status)

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12
Q

When are white grapes no longer permitted in Chianti Classico DOCG?
Are they permitted in Chianti DOCG?

A

2005
Yes, up to 10%

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13
Q

Which DOC lies entirely within the Rufina subzone of Chianti?
What kind of wine is made there?

A

Pomino DOC
Bianco, Rosso, Spumante Bianco/Rosato, Vin Santo

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14
Q

What River runs through the Rufina subzone of Chianti?

A

Sieve River

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15
Q

What is the minimum % Sangiovese permitted for Chianti?
Which subzone is an exception?

A

70%
In Colli Senesi the minimum of 75%

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16
Q

What is the max % of CS and CF allowed in Chianti DOCG? Which subzone is different?

A

15%
In Colli Senesi it is 10%

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17
Q

What are the minimum alcohol requirements for Chianti DOCG?

A

Normale - 11.5%
Superiore / Riserva - 12%
w/ Subzone - 12.5%
Colli Senesi - 13%

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18
Q

What are the aging requirements for Chianti DOCG?

A

March 1st of the year following harvest - Chianti, Colli Aretini, Colli Pisane, Colli Senesi, Montalbano
June 1st of the year following harvest - Montespertoli
September 1st of the year following harvest - Chianti Superiore, Colli Fiorentini, Rufina
Min 2yrs from Jan 1st following harvest - Chianti Riserva. Colli Fiorentina Riserva and Rufina Riserve require 6m in wood. Colli Senesi Riserva requires 8m in wood and 4m in bottle

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19
Q

Which subzone of Chianti encompasses both Montalcino and Montepulciano?

A

Colli Senesi

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20
Q

What are the two important soil types of Chianti?

A

Galestro - friable schistic clay Alberese- a marlstone analogous to limestone

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21
Q

What word is used to describe the grayish-blue sandstone found in the South of Chianti Classico?

A

Macigno

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22
Q

What are the UGAs of Chianti Classico located in Florence?

A

Greve
Barberino Tavarnelle - part of San Donato
San Casciano Val di Pesa

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23
Q

What are the UGAs of Chianti Classico located just South of Siena?

A

Radda
Gaiole
Castellina
Castelnuovo Barardegna
Poggibonsi - Part of the San Donato UGA

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24
Q

List the UGAs of Chianti Classico that lie outside of Florence or Siena

A

Lamole
Vagliagli
Panzano
Montefioralle

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25
Q

Which UGA of Chianti Classico is home to the highest elevation vineyards?

A

Radda

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26
Q

In which subzone of Chianti Classico will you find the Conca d’Oro?
What is it?

A

Panzano
A Galestro rich, south-facing, concave slope

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27
Q

What native red grapes may be used as blending partners to Sangiovese in Chianti?

A

Canaiolo
Colorino
Ciliegiolo
Malvasia Nera
Mammolo

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28
Q

What is the governo technique in Chianti?
Where is it permitted?
What must be stated on the label?

A

Partially dried grapes or fresh grapes or must is added midway through fermentation (particularly in a stuck fermentation)
Chianti DOCG
Governo all’uso Toscano

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29
Q

What is the min % of Sangiovese for Chianti Classico?
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

80%
90%

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30
Q

What are the aging requirements of Chianti?

A

Classico- October 1st of the year following harvest
Riserva- 24m from Jan 1st following the harvest. 3m in bottle
Gran Selezione - 30m from Jan 1st following harvest. 3m in bottle.

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31
Q

When was the Gran Selezione category introduced? When did it go into effect?

A

2013
It went into effect retroactively for the 2010 vintage

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32
Q

What additional requirements are there for Gran Selezione wines in Chianti

A

All estate fruit (or acquired through long term contracts)
Harvested from a single vineyard or a selection of top parcels
90% Sangiovese
Pass a tasting panel

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33
Q

What are the traditional aging vessels for Vin Santo?

A

Chestnut Caratelli

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34
Q

What are the styles permitted in Vin Santo di Chianti Classico DOC?

A

Vin Santo
Vin Santo Occhio de Pernice

35
Q

What grapes is Vin Santo made from?

A

Min 60% Trebbiano Toscana or Malvasia Bianco. Max 40% other Tuscan white varietals

36
Q

What grapes is Vin Santo Occhio de Pernice made from?

A

Min 80% Sangiovese. Max 20% other Tuscan red or white varietals

37
Q

What is the minimum aging for Vin Santo di Chianti Classico DOC?

A

3yrs following Nov 1st of harvest with 24m in wood following Jan 1st after harvest

38
Q

What are the defining geographic characteristics of Brunello?

A

Mount Amiata
Orcia river

39
Q

What does Brunello mean?

A

Small dark one

40
Q

Who is credited with bottling the first Brunello?
When?

A

Clemente Santi
1865

41
Q

When was Brunello di Montalcino granted DOC status?
DOCG?

A

1966
1980 (the 1st one!)

42
Q

Who isolated the Sangiovese Grosso biotype in Brunello?

A

Ferruccio Biondi Santi

43
Q

What are the aging requirements for Montalcino?

A

Rosso di Montalcino DOC- Sept 1st of the year following harvest
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG- 2yrs in wood. 4m in bottle. Jan 1st of the 5th year following harvest
Brunello di Montalcino Riserva DOCG - 2yrs in wood. 6m in bottle. Jan 1st of the 6th year following harvest

44
Q

What is the DOC for “Super Tuscan” Montalcino?

A

Sant’Antimo DOC

45
Q

What is the DOC in Montalcino for Moscato Bianco wines?

A

Moscadello di Montalcino DOC

46
Q

Where is Montepulciano?
What subzone of Chianti does it lie within?

A

NE of Montalcino near the border with Umbria
Colli Senesi

47
Q

What is the local name for Sangiovese in Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

48
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

Min 2yrs aging from Jan 1st of the year following the harvest.
With either:
1. 24m in wood
2. Min 18m in wood and 6m in an alternative container
3. Min 12m in wood and 6m in bottle with the remainder in an alternative container

49
Q

What is the minimum % of Sangiovese in Montepulciano?

A

70% for Rosso, Vino Nobile, and Riserva

50
Q

Which regions of Tuscany have separate DOCs for Vin Santo?

A

Chianti
Chianti Classico
Montepulciano
Carmignano

51
Q

How are the grapes for Vin Santo dried?

A

Either hung as garlands from rafters or laid out on bamboo shelves in an appassitoio

52
Q

What is unique about Vin Santo fermentation?

A

The fermentation is started by a madre, essentially a sludgy mass of yeast and old wine left in the barrel

53
Q

What was Italy’s first DOC?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano in 1966

54
Q

What is the min % of Vernaccia in Vernaccia di San Gimigniano DOCG?

A

Min 85%

55
Q

What would 100% Sangiovese wine made in Vernaccia di San Gimignano be labeled as?

A

San Gimigniano DOC

56
Q

What is the story of Marchesi Mario Incisa della Rocchetta?

A

Originally from Piedmont he married into Tuscan royalty and with the dowry came Tenuta San Guido. He was a Bordeaux enthusiast and found the gravely soils to be similar to those in Bordeaux so he planted BDX varietals from his friends at Chateau Lafite in 1944.

57
Q

Who was the winemaker that introduced the permanent Sassicaia blend?
What is it?

A

Giacomo Tachis
85% Cabernet Sauvignon, 15% CF

58
Q

What were a couple other estates that followed the example of Sassicaia?

A

Grattamacco from Melletti Cavallari
Ornellaia from Antinori

59
Q

When was the Bolgheri DOC established?

A

1984

60
Q

When was Bolgheri Sassicaia established as a subzone of Bolgheria and when was it elevated to DOCG status?

A

1994
2013

61
Q

What is the min CS for Bolgheri Sassicaia DOCG?

A

80%

62
Q

What styles of wine are made in Bolgheri DOC?

A

Bianco (Vermentino, SB, Viognier)
Varietal Vermentino or SB
Rosso / Rossato / Rosso Superiore (CS, CF, and Merlot with max 50% Sangio, Syrah and max 30% other)

63
Q

What varietal is used in Le Macchiole Scrio?

A

100% Syrah - must be labeled at Toscana IGT

64
Q

What varietal is used in Le Macchiole Paleo Rosso?

A

100% Cabernet Franc

65
Q

What varietal is used in Le Macchiole Messorio?

A

100% Merlot

66
Q

What rivers run through Brunello?

A

Cecina and Cornia rivers

67
Q

What are the soils found at Tenuta San Guido?

A

Ancient marine deposits or rounded stones rich in limestone

68
Q

What soil type is found at Masseto?

A

Blue clay

69
Q

Which regions are extensions of Bolgheri to the South?

A

Rosso di Val di Cornia DOCG and Suvereto DOCG

Both part of Val di Cornia DOC prior to 2011

70
Q

Why were grapes not grown in Maremma DOC until relatively recently?

A

It was swampland until Mussolini ordered its drainage in the 1930s

71
Q

What grape varietal is Costa del’Argebtario DOC dedicated to?
Where is it?

A

Ansonica
The island of Gigilio

72
Q

What DOC does Tuscany share with Liguria?

A

Colli di Luni

73
Q

List the DOCG that fall within Maremma

A

Montecucco Sangiovese
Morellino di Scansano

74
Q

What is Sangiovese called in the South of Maremma?

A

Morellino

75
Q

What is Ansonica called in Sicily?

A

Inzolia

76
Q

Where is Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG? What kind of wine is made here?

A

Off the coast near Bolgheri on the island of Elba
Sweet red wine from dried Aleatico grapes

**A favorite of Napoleon during his banishment here

77
Q

What DOCG uses to be a part of the Montalbano subzone of Tuscany?

A

Carmignano

78
Q

What grapes are used to make Carmignano DOCG?

A

Min 50% Sangiovese
Min 20% CS & CF

79
Q

Who makes L’Apparita? From what varietal?

A

Castello di Ama from 100% Merlot

80
Q

Who makes Fontalloro? From what varietals?

A

Felsina from 100% Sangiovese

81
Q

Who makes Lamaione? From what varietals?

A

Frescobaldi from 100% Merlot

82
Q

Who makes Ceparello? From what varieties?

A

Isole e Olena from 100% Sangiovese

83
Q

What is Frescobaldi’s 100% Cabernet Sauvignon called?

A

Maestro Raro

Italy (12 decks)

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