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Forces And energy > Turning Forces > Flashcards

Turning Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when you push down on a door handle?

A

The handle turns.

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2
Q

What occurs when you push down on the pedal of a bicycle?

A

The pedal turns

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3
Q

What is a lever?

A

A lever is an object that turns around a pivot when a force is applied.

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4
Q

What is a pivot?

A

The pivot is the point around which a lever turns.

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5
Q

Where is the lever and pivot shown in everyday life?

A

In the picture of the bicycle pedals or in the bending of your arm.

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6
Q

In your body, which part acts as a lever and what is the pivot?

A

The arm acts as a lever, and the elbow is the pivot.

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7
Q

What describes the turning effect of a force?

A

The moment of a force.

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8
Q

What two factors does the moment of a force depend on?

A
  1. The size of the force.
  2. The distance between where the force acts and the pivot.
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9
Q

How does the size of the force affect the moment?

A

The bigger the force, the bigger the moment.

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10
Q

How does the distance between the force and pivot affect the moment?

A

The greater the distance, the greater the moment.

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11
Q

What is the equation to calculate a moment?

A

Moment = Force × Distance

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12
Q

What does the distance in the moment equation represent?

A

The distance from the pivot to the position where the force acts.

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13
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

Newton (N).

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14
Q

What is the unit of distance in the moment equation?

A

Metre (m).

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15
Q

What is the unit of moment?

A

Newton metre (Nm).

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16
Q

How should you write the unit of moment correctly?

A

Use an upper case “N” for newton and a lower case “m” for metre (Nm).

17
Q

How should you write the unit of moment correctly?

A

Use an upper case “N” for newton and a lower case “m” for metre (Nm).

18
Q

Worked Example 1: A pulling force of 35 N is needed to open a door. The distance from the door handle to the pivot is 0.8 m. How do you calculate the moment?

A

Moment = Force × Distance = 35 × 0.8 = 28 Nm.

19
Q

Worked Example 2: A weight of 20 N acts on an arm 0.25 m away from the pivot. How do you calculate the moment?

A

Moment = Force × Distance = 20 × 0.25 = 5 Nm.

20
Q

What type of lever is a seesaw?

A

A seesaw is a type of lever.

21
Q

How does a seesaw work in terms of forces?

A

People sit on either side of the pivot, making the lever turn one way and then the other.

22
Q

When is a seesaw balanced?

A

A seesaw is balanced when the moments on both sides of the pivot are equal and opposite.

23
Q

Marcus, with a weight of 600 N, sits at a distance of 2 m from the pivot of a seesaw. Arun has a weight of 800 N. Where should Arun sit to balance the seesaw?

A

Marcus’s moment = 600 N × 2 m = 1200 Nm.
• To balance the seesaw, Arun’s moment must also be 1200 Nm.
• Using the formula:
• Distance = Moment / Force = 1200 Nm / 800 N = 1.5 m.

24
Q

How do you calculate the distance needed for balance on a seesaw?

A

Use the formula: Distance = Moment / Force.

25
Q

What is meant by the word “moment” in physics?

A

The moment of a force describes the turning effect of that force.

26
Q

What is the equation that links moment, force, and distance?

A

Moment = Force × Distance.

27
Q

What is the unit of moment?

A

Newton metre (Nm).

28
Q

In the spanner and nut diagram, which arrow should Jon push to produce the largest moment to turn the nut?

A

The letter corresponding to the direction that maximizes the perpendicular distance from the pivot.

29
Q

Why should Jon push in the chosen direction to produce the largest moment?

A

The force should be applied perpendicular to the spanner to maximize the distance from the pivot, producing the largest moment.

30
Q

How do you calculate the moment caused by Sofia pushing on a door handle with a force of 4 N at a distance of 0.12 m?

A

Moment = Force × Distance = 4 N × 0.12 m = 0.48 Nm.

31
Q

How do you calculate the force needed at position F to produce a moment of 1.8 Nm on a bicycle brake lever with a distance of 0.09 m?

A

Force = Moment / Distance = 1.8 Nm / 0.09 m = 20 N.

32
Q

How do you calculate the force needed at position F to produce a moment of 1.8 Nm on a bicycle brake lever with a distance of 0.09 m?

A

Force = Moment / Distance = 1.8 Nm / 0.09 m = 20 N.

33
Q

Zara weighs 450 N and sits 1.5 m from the pivot on a seesaw. Sofia weighs 500 N. How far must Sofia sit from the pivot to balance the seesaw?

A

Using the balancing moment equation:
• Zara’s moment = 450 N × 1.5 m = 675 Nm.
• Sofia’s distance = 675 Nm / 500 N = 1.35 m.

Forces And energy (8 decks)

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