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PPL Principles of Flight > Turning > Flashcards

Turning Flashcards

1
Q

Explain how centripetal force is created?

A

In a curved path, a body has a natural tendency to travel in a straight line (fly off at a tangent)
A force acts on the body to keep it towards the centre of the turn
This force is the centripetal force

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2
Q

In a turning aircraft, what does the centripetal force consist of?

A

The horizontal component of the lift force

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3
Q

In a turning aircraft, the horizontal component of the lift force creates what?

A

Centripetal force

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4
Q

Why is the lift force in a level turn greater than the lift force when flying straight and level?

A

In a turn, the vertical component of lift reduces as horizontal component increases

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5
Q

In a changing turn, the lift required increases. What is happening?

A

The turn is becoming steeper

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6
Q

What happens to load factor in a turn?

A

Load factor increases as bank angle increases

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7
Q

When does Lift = Weight?

A

Straight and level flight

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8
Q

L=W=1 means that G-force is?

A

1g

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9
Q

When does L = 2W in turns?

A

60 degrees bank

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10
Q

60 degrees bank results in what g-force?

A

2g

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11
Q

What ratio is load factor?

A

Ratio of lift force produced by the wings compared to the weight force of the aeroplane

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12
Q

The ratio of lift force produced by the wings compared to the weight force of the aeroplane is known as?

A

Load factor

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13
Q

Load factor in 30 degree banked turn?

A

1.15g

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14
Q

Load factor in a 70 degree banked turn?

A

3g

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15
Q

Load factor in an 80 degree banked turn?

A

6g

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16
Q

1.15g in a turn is at what bank?

A

30 degrees

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17
Q

3g in a turn is at what bank?

A

70 degrees

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18
Q

6g in a turn is at what bank?

A

80 degrees

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19
Q

What occurs in a 90 degree banked turn?

A

Lift force is horizontal and height cannot be maintained

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20
Q

A load factor of 2 essentially means that…

A

The wings have to produce a lift force equal to double the weight to maintain height

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21
Q

Why does airspeed reduce in a turn?

A

AoA increases in a turn to maintain height
Greater AoA means greater induced drag

22
Q

Why does stalling speed increase in a turn?

A

In a turn, the AoA is higher than that in straight and level flight
Stalling AoA will be reached at a higher speed in a turn

23
Q

At 30 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

A

7%

24
Q

At 45 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

A

19%

25
Q

At 60 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

A

41%

26
Q

At 75 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

A

100%

27
Q

At what degree of bank does stalling speed double?

A

75 degrees

28
Q

When does overbank occur?

A

In level and climbing turns

29
Q

How does overbank occur?

A

The outer wing travels faster in a turn and has a higher AoA, producing further bank

30
Q

When can underbank occur?

A

In descending turns

31
Q

How does underbank occur?

A

Inner wing travels a smaller horizontal distance for the same height loss
Inner wing therefore has higher AoA
Inner wing produces more lift

32
Q

In a descending turn, why may the inner wing produce more lift?

A

The inner wing will travel a smaller distance for the same height loss as the outer wing
This means the inner wing has a greater AoA and therefore lift

33
Q

What effects turns the nose away from the turn?

A

Aileron drag

34
Q

How does aileron drag occur?

A

Aileron on outer wing produces more lift but also more induced drag
Induced drag will yaw the nose away from the turn

35
Q

What kind of turn results from aileron drag?

A

Slipping turn

36
Q

A slipping turn is caused by what effect?

A

Aileron drag

37
Q

Opposite of slipping turn?

A

Skidding turn

38
Q

If a turn results in the nose pointing further in towards the turn relative to the turn itself, what kind of turn is occuring?

A

Skidding turn

39
Q

Relationship of airspeed and tightness of turn

A

The lower the airspeed, the tighter the turn

40
Q

What are variables in a constant angle turn?

A

Radius of turn and airspeed

41
Q

What are variables in a constant radius turn?

A

Bank angle and airspeed

42
Q

What are variables in a constant speed turn?

A

Bank angle and radius of turn

43
Q

Measurement of a rate of turn?

A

Degrees per second

44
Q

What is a rate-1 turn?

A

3 degrees per second turn

45
Q

A rate-1 turn will do 180 degrees in how long?

A

1 minute

46
Q

A rate-1 turn will do 360 degrees in how long?

A

2 minutes

47
Q

A rate-1 turn will do how much in 1 minute?

A

180 degrees

48
Q

A rate-1 turn will do how much in 2 minutes?

A

360 degrees

49
Q

Rate-1 turn at 100 knots?

A

17 degrees

50
Q

Rule of thumb for calculating rate-1 turn in knots

A

Airspeed / 10 + 7

51
Q

What is a rate-2 turn?

A

6 degrees per second

52
Q
A

PPL Principles of Flight (8 decks)

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