Turning

Question 1

Explain how centripetal force is created?

Answer 1

In a curved path, a body has a natural tendency to travel in a straight line (fly off at a tangent)
A force acts on the body to keep it towards the centre of the turn
This force is the centripetal force

Question 2

In a turning aircraft, what does the centripetal force consist of?

Answer 2

The horizontal component of the lift force

Question 3

In a turning aircraft, the horizontal component of the lift force creates what?

Answer 3

Centripetal force

Question 4

Why is the lift force in a level turn greater than the lift force when flying straight and level?

Answer 4

In a turn, the vertical component of lift reduces as horizontal component increases

Question 5

In a changing turn, the lift required increases. What is happening?

Answer 5

The turn is becoming steeper

Question 6

What happens to load factor in a turn?

Answer 6

Load factor increases as bank angle increases

Question 7

When does Lift = Weight?

Answer 7

Straight and level flight

Question 8

L=W=1 means that G-force is?

Answer 8

1g

Question 9

When does L = 2W in turns?

Answer 9

60 degrees bank

Question 10

60 degrees bank results in what g-force?

Answer 10

2g

Question 11

What ratio is load factor?

Answer 11

Ratio of lift force produced by the wings compared to the weight force of the aeroplane

Question 12

The ratio of lift force produced by the wings compared to the weight force of the aeroplane is known as?

Answer 12

Load factor

Question 13

Load factor in 30 degree banked turn?

Answer 13

1.15g

Question 14

Load factor in a 70 degree banked turn?

Answer 14

3g

Question 15

Load factor in an 80 degree banked turn?

Answer 15

6g

Question 16

1.15g in a turn is at what bank?

Answer 16

30 degrees

Question 17

3g in a turn is at what bank?

Answer 17

70 degrees

Question 18

6g in a turn is at what bank?

Answer 18

80 degrees

Question 19

What occurs in a 90 degree banked turn?

Answer 19

Lift force is horizontal and height cannot be maintained

Question 20

A load factor of 2 essentially means that…

Answer 20

The wings have to produce a lift force equal to double the weight to maintain height

Question 21

Why does airspeed reduce in a turn?

Answer 21

AoA increases in a turn to maintain height
Greater AoA means greater induced drag

Question 22

Why does stalling speed increase in a turn?

Answer 22

In a turn, the AoA is higher than that in straight and level flight
Stalling AoA will be reached at a higher speed in a turn

Question 23

At 30 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

Answer 23

7%

Question 24

At 45 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

Answer 24

19%

Question 25

At 60 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

Answer 25

41%

Question 26

At 75 degrees of bank, stall speed increases by how much?

Answer 26

100%

Question 27

At what degree of bank does stalling speed double?

Answer 27

75 degrees

Question 28

When does overbank occur?

Answer 28

In level and climbing turns

Question 29

How does overbank occur?

Answer 29

The outer wing travels faster in a turn and has a higher AoA, producing further bank

Question 30

When can underbank occur?

Answer 30

In descending turns

Question 31

How does underbank occur?

Answer 31

Inner wing travels a smaller horizontal distance for the same height loss Inner wing therefore has higher AoA Inner wing produces more lift

Question 32

In a descending turn, why may the inner wing produce more lift?

Answer 32

The inner wing will travel a smaller distance for the same height loss as the outer wing This means the inner wing has a greater AoA and therefore lift

Question 33

What effects turns the nose away from the turn?

Answer 33

Aileron drag

Question 34

How does aileron drag occur?

Answer 34

Aileron on outer wing produces more lift but also more induced drag Induced drag will yaw the nose away from the turn

Question 35

What kind of turn results from aileron drag?

Answer 35

Slipping turn

Question 36

A slipping turn is caused by what effect?

Answer 36

Aileron drag

Question 37

Opposite of slipping turn?

Answer 37

Skidding turn

Question 38

If a turn results in the nose pointing further in towards the turn relative to the turn itself, what kind of turn is occuring?

Answer 38

Skidding turn

Question 39

Relationship of airspeed and tightness of turn

Answer 39

The lower the airspeed, the tighter the turn

Question 40

What are variables in a constant angle turn?

Answer 40

Radius of turn and airspeed

Question 41

What are variables in a constant radius turn?

Answer 41

Bank angle and airspeed

Question 42

What are variables in a constant speed turn?

Answer 42

Bank angle and radius of turn

Question 43

Measurement of a rate of turn?

Answer 43

Degrees per second

Question 44

What is a rate-1 turn?

Answer 44

3 degrees per second turn

Question 45

A rate-1 turn will do 180 degrees in how long?

Answer 45

1 minute

Question 46

A rate-1 turn will do 360 degrees in how long?

Answer 46

2 minutes

Question 47

A rate-1 turn will do how much in 1 minute?

Answer 47

180 degrees

Question 48

A rate-1 turn will do how much in 2 minutes?

Answer 48

360 degrees

Question 49

Rate-1 turn at 100 knots?

Answer 49

17 degrees

Question 50

Rule of thumb for calculating rate-1 turn in knots

Answer 50

Airspeed / 10 + 7

Question 51

What is a rate-2 turn?

Answer 51

6 degrees per second