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PPL Principles of Flight > Control > Flashcards

Control Flashcards

1
Q

In relation to controllability, control surfaces act as…

A

Destabilisers

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2
Q

Combining the tailplane and elevator forms what aircraft part?

A

Stabilator

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3
Q

Combining the rudder and elevator forms what aircraft part?

A

Ruddervator

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4
Q

The downgoing aileron is on the…

A

Upgoing wing

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5
Q

The upgoing wing has what aileron?

A

Downgoing aileron

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6
Q

The upgoing aileron is on the…

A

Downgoing wing

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7
Q

The downgoing wing has what aileron?

A

Upgoing aileron

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8
Q

How is camber affected in a wing whose aileron is downgoing?

A

Camber increases

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9
Q

Increasing camber of a wing does what to its AoA?

A

AoA increases (and so does the lift and drag)

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10
Q

Adverse yaw is yaw in what direction?

A

Away from the direction of roll

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11
Q

Why does adverse yaw occur?

A

Upgoing wing has greater drag (from greater lift) so pulls aircraft in its direction, away from direction of roll

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12
Q

What control surface design can overcome adverse yaw?

A

Differential ailerons

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13
Q

Differential ailerons increase the drag on which aileron and wing?

A

Upward aileron (descending wing)

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14
Q

Differential aileron means the ailerons differ in what way?

A

The downgoing wing’s aileron deflects at a greater angle than the upgoing wing

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15
Q

What type of drag does a differential aileron system increase?

A

Parasite

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16
Q

What kind of aileron involves greater parasite drag by creating disruptive airflow beneath the wing?

A

Frise-type aileron

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17
Q

Frise-type aileron involves what process?

A

Upgoing aileron’s nose protudes beneath wing and disrupts airflow

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18
Q

Secondary effect of the ailerons is…

A

Yaw

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19
Q

Secondary effect or rudder is…

A

Roll

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20
Q

The maximum allowable speed for maximum control deflection is called the

A

Manouevring speed

21
Q

Manouevring speed is known by what symbol?

A

VA

22
Q

In-flight, what are the only variables for control effectiveness?

A

Airspeed and control surface deflection angle

23
Q

Change in turning moment =

A

Change in lift x Moment arm to CG

24
Q

Change in lift x Moment arm to CG =

A

Change in turning moment

25
Q

Why does doubling airspeed quadruple thee effect of the control surface deflection?

A

Aerodynamic forces vary with dynamic pressure so that doubling V will mean the lift coefficient is V-squared

26
Q

Why does slipstream not affect aileron effectiveness?

A

Ailerons sit outside the slipstream

27
Q

Slipstream affects what control effectiveness?

A

Rudder and elevator effectiveness

28
Q

What is stick-force?

A

Moment acting on control surrface trying to return the surface to its original position

29
Q

When deflected, a control surface encounters an opposing aerodynamic force that causes a moment to try and return the surface on its hinge line to its original position. What is thiss called?

A

Stick-force

30
Q

Stick loads are greatest when…

A

The hinge line is at the leading edge of the control surface

31
Q

Stick loads increase how?

A

The further forward the hinge line is on a control surface

32
Q

When reducing stick-load, what aerodynamic process is targeted for reduction?

A

Hinge moment

33
Q

How is the hinge moment reduced in inset hinges?

A

Distance between centre of pressure and hinge point is reduced

34
Q

How does a horn balance reduce the overall hinge moment?

A

The horn moment opposes the hinge moment

35
Q

Downside to horn balance?

A

Horn balance deflection will increase drag

36
Q

A balance tab moves in what manner?

A

In opposite direction to the elevator

37
Q

What name is given to a balance tab that is directly connected to the control column?

A

Servo tab

38
Q

Control surfaces have a tendency to…at high speeds?

A

Flutter

39
Q

What is a flutter?

A

Vibration resulting from changes in pressure distribution due to AoA alterations

40
Q

Vibration resulting from changes in pressure distribution due to AoA alterations on a control surface is known as a?

A

Flutter

41
Q

Mass-balancing aims to reduce/eliminate what?

A

Fluttering

42
Q

What method is used to reduce/eliminate fluttering?

A

Mass-balancing

43
Q

Mass-balancing involves placing a mass where?

A

Forward of the hinge-line

44
Q

Mass-balancing forward of the hinge-line does what to the control surface’s aerodynamics?

A

It brings the control surface’s CG forward

45
Q

Over-controlling stabilators are prevented by what aircraft part?

A

Anti-balance tab

46
Q

An anti-balance tab differs from a balance tab how?

A

Anti-balance tab moves in the same direction as the control surface’s trailing edge, not the opposite

47
Q

Anti-balance tabs provide what to the pilot?

A

Additional feel

48
Q

Secondary control effect of pitch?

A

There isn’t one

PPL Principles of Flight (6 decks)

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