Turnhout ch9-11

Question 1

In which three ways can scientist interact with users of knowledge?

According to Turnhout et al.

Answer 1

• Servicing: offering knowledge and expertise in respons to questions
• Advocating: use knowledge to propose specific options or alternatives
• Diversifying: express commitment to pluralism by addressing the perspectives and knowledge needs of a diversity of actors

Question 2

What does some mean with a ‘post-truth’ society?

Answer 2

A society characterised by a political and societal climate in which it is common, acceptable even, for public figures to skirt around the truth and to utter unchecked or false claims

Question 3

What are three democratic values argued by Turnhout et al.?

Answer 3

• Accountability
• Diversity and contestation
• Humility

Question 4

Describe accountability in relation to environmental science

(4)

Answer 4

• Requires connections between representatives and the constituencies that are represented by them
• Science is required to give an account of the decisions, selections, and values that inform science
• Those interested in or affected by environmental knowledge are able to hold science accountable for these decisions, selections, and values
• Processes and institutions must be put in place to organise it

Question 5

What does it mean to (re)politicise environmental knowledge?

(2)

Answer 5

• Recognition that nature/environment can be known and represented in diverse ways, none of which are neutral and value free
• Enabling diverse knowledge claims to be voiced and taken seriously

Question 6

What does an attitude of humility in science mean?

(5)

Answer 6

• It requires science to speak the truth about its own power
• Science need to be open about its partiality and selectivity
• Science need to be open about the various limitations of environmental knowledge
• Science should be in open dialogue with other ways of knowing
• Its about openness, diversity, and welcomes the possibility to disagree