Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Poultry Rotation MSU > Turkey > Flashcards

Turkey Flashcards

1
Q

Tom turkeys are raised to ____ lbs at ____ weeks of age for _____ meat

A

38-40 lbs at 18 weeks old for luncheon meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hen turkeys are raised to ____ lbs at ____ weeks of age

A

15 lbs at 14 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Turkey poults are kept in brooder barns until ____ weeks of age, and then moved to grow out barns.

A

4-5 weeks of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which six diseases are commonly found in brooder barns?

A 
Rotaviral enteritis
Turkey viral hepatitis
Bordetellosis  "Turkey Coryza"
Coccidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which 5 diseases are commonly found in grow out barns?

A 
"HE" - Hemorragic Enteritis 
Bordetellosis   "Turkey Coryza"
Fowl cholera  (Pasturella multocida)
"ORT" Ornithobacterium rhinotracheala
Aspergillosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemorrhagic Enteritis of Turkeys “HE” (Adenovirus serogroup II) is a(n):

Enveloped/Non-enveloped
Single/Double stranded
DNA/RNA virus

A

Non-enveloped, double stranded DNA

“HE, NE, dsDNA”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HE typically affects what age turkeys

A

4-12 week old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical signs of HE

A

Increase in mortality
+/- increase in E. coli infections
Bloody droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the gross lesions of HE

A 
Mucus, blood +/- fibrin in duodenum & proximal jejunum
Enlarged spleen (smaller than Erysipelas)
Hemorrhage of internal organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What tests are used to diagnose HE

A

Histopathology of spleen & intestine
AGID of non-vax birds
Reverse AGID (Ag detection)
Virus isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for HE in turkeys

A

No treatment
Broad spectrum antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections (E. coli)

PREVENTION!
Vaccinate at 4 wks, biosecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is HE a reportable disease?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is Newcastle Disease reportable?

A

Yes! All types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the Newcastle disease virus in turkeys

A 
Maramyxovirus 1  (in Michigan)  2,3 &6
Enveloped, ssRNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the three pathogenic types of Newcastle disease

A

“LMV”

Lentogenic: Less pathogenic (B-1, LaSota)
Mesogenic: Moderately pathogenic
Velogenic: Very pathogenic “GB” = Exotic Newcastle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which strain of Newcastle is aka Exotic Newcastle

A

Velogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you diagnose Newcastle disease

A

Definitive:
Virus isolation (with pathotyping)
RT-PCR

Supportive:

  • Histopathology supports diagnosis = “peripheral chromatolysis” (dissolution of Nissl bodies in axons)
  • ELISA titers (but would need to test same birds weeks apart)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Lentogenic and mesogenic strains of Newcastle in turkeys?

A

Mild respiratory disease

Decreased egg production in breeder hens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of velogenic Newcastle disease in turkeys?

A

High mortality

Respiratory & nervous signs, rattling breathing and paralysis of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the gross lesions of lentogenic and mesogenic Newcastle in Turkeys?

A

Reddening of entire length of trachea (like HPAI)
Conjunctivitis
Airsacculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the gross lesions of velogenic Newcastle disease in turkeys?

A

Hemmorhages in trachea, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, cecal tonsils (again, looks like AI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the vaccination process for Newcastle disease in turkeys

A

Given at 3 wks and 6 wks
Mass vaccination with colored spray or in water
Modified live, killed and pox-vectored vax available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fun Facts about Newcastle Disease

A

Exotic Newcastle seen in California fighting cocks

Capable of causing a human conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is another name for Newcastle Disease

A

Ranikhet disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When should a pox vaccine be given to turkeys to avoid a rolling vaccine response?

A

6 weeks, avoids respiratory signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the Avian Influenza virus

A

Orthomyxovirus
Enveloped, ssRNA
Nonpath, low-path and high-path strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How are different strains described? (H _ N_)

A 
Hemagglutinin antigen (H)  1-16
Neuraminidase antigen (N) 1-9
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the clinical signs of AI (high path vs. low path)

A

High Path: dead birds
Other path: respiratory signs, nervous signs, diarrhea, drop in egg production
Cyanotic combs, facial edema, comb blisters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the gross lesions of AI

A

Cyanotic combs, facial edema, comb blisters
Blood in trachea, esophagus, proventriculus, cecal tonsils
Hemorrhage on heart and small intestines
Fibrinous airsacculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How does one diagnose AI

A

AGID serology
Virus isolation with pathogenicity
Rapid, color change antigen capture ELISA
PCR to detect H5 & H7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the generally accepted treatment for AI

A

None, quarantine and eradication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How can a turkey producer prevent future AI outbreaks?

A 
Quarantine new birds
Do not raise turkeys outside on a range
Don't let wild ducks mingle
BIOSECURITY
No vaccination for US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Extra AI Tidbits:

A

May cause conjunctivitis in humans
H1N1 infects birds, pigs, horses, humans
H3N2 recent turkey egg production problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Is AI reportable?

A

Yes! Report it! So they can come kill all your birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Describe the Rotaviral Enteritis virus in turkeys

A

Rotavirus of Reovirus family

Non-enveloped, dsRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the clinical signs and gross lesions of Rotaviral Enteritis in turkeys?

A 
Similar to coronavirus:
Frothy diarrhea, darkened skin of head & neck
Anorexia, weight loss, huddling
Mortality, though lower than coronavirus
Flock uniformity not affected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How do you diagnose rotaviral enteritis of turkeys?

A

EM of feces with clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How do you treat for rotaviral enteritis in turkeys?

A

No treatment or vaccination available
Very hardy in environment and resistant to disinfectants
Farmers use gracilic acid + diesel fuel as disinfectant in past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the clinical signs of Turkey Viral Rhinotracheitis?

A

Snicks (small sneezes), respiratory rales, frothy conjunctival exudate, swollen infraorbital sinuses and lower jaw (punk rock turkey/chicken)
High morbidity, varying mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the “Achilles heel” of turkeys?

A

Infraorbital sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How do you diagnose Turkey Viral Rhinotracheitis?

A

ELISA, virus isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How do you prevent turkey viral rhinotracheitis?

A

MLV and killed vaccines, controlled exposure (like chicken pox, let the young get it and get over it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Describe the Turkey Viral Hepatitis virus

A

Picornavirus

Non-enveloped, ssRNA

44
Q

What age are turkeys susceptible to Viral Hepatitis?

A

Less than 5 weeks of age

45
Q

Describe the clinical signs of Turkey viral hepatitis

A

Often subclinical
Occasional sudden death
Morbidity up to 100%, mortality up to 25%

46
Q

What are the gross lesions of Turkey Viral Hepatitis

A

White pinpoint spots on liver and pancreas

Granulomatous hepatitis, almost pathogneumonic lesion

47
Q

Describe the Avian Encephalomyelitis virus

A

AKA AE or Epidemic Tremor
Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family
Non-enveloped, ssRNA

48
Q

What are the clinical signs of Avian encephalomyelitis of turkeys?

A

<3 weeks of age

Fine muscular temors of head & neck, ataxia, paralysis

49
Q

Name the gross lesions of Avian encephalomyelitis

A

White areas in the muscle layer of proventriculus, ventriculus, heart and pancreas

50
Q

Describe the coronaviral enteritis of turkeys

A

aka “Transmissible enteritis of turkeys” and “Blue Comb”

Enveloped ssRNA

51
Q

If you were presented with turkeys that had frothy diarrhea, darkened skin of the head and neck, anorexia, weight loss and huddling, what are your top two differentials?

A

Coronaviral Enteritis
and
Rotaviral Enteritis

52
Q

You are performing necropsies on mortality from a turkey farm and find that the carcasses are dehydrated, they appear dark and have urate in the kidneys, as well as mucus, foam +/- casts in the small intestine. What do you suspect?

A

Coronaviral Enteritis of Turkeys

53
Q

What are the two types of pox viral infection in turkeys

A

Dry (cutaneous) form - skin

Wet (diphtheric) form - mucous membranes

54
Q

You are presented with a turkey that has dry scabs and crusts on the skin (not feathers), with white-yellow masses and plaques on the eyelid, mouth and trachea. What is your top differential

A

Fowl Pox - dry form

55
Q

What is the prevention process for Fowl Pox

A

MLV vaccination given in turkey’s legs

Check birds for scabs / “takes” 8-10 days post vacation. You want 95% takes

56
Q

You are presented with turkeys from a flock with increased mortality. The turkeys present with white masses on internal organs. They appear as lymphomas or reticulum cell neoplasia on histopathology. What are your top differentials?

A

Reticuloendotheliosis (Mammalian C-type retrovirus)

Lymphoproliferative disease of Turkeys

57
Q

Name the three types of Arboviral diseases turkeys are susceptible to

A

Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), St. Louis Equine Encephalitis virus

58
Q

You are presented with a flock of turkeys experiencing a decrease in egg production, and live birds are showing stupor, inability to walk, followed by death. What is your top differential?

A

Arbovirus!

EEE/WEE/St Louis EE

59
Q

Name the 4 most common diseases caused by Salmonella species in turkeys. Which is the most prevalent

A

Arizonosis (MOST COMMON)
Typhoid
Pullorum disease
Paratyphoid

60
Q

You are presented with a flock of young turkeys with increased mortality. You observe twisted necks, enlarged swollen eyes and/or blindness in the live animals. On necropsy, they have white masses in the liver and spleen, and hyphema (pus in anterior chamber).
What is your top differential?
How would you diagnose and treat this

A

Salmonella arizonae “Arizonosis!”

Culture!

Tx: gentamicin, tetracyclines, sulfas

61
Q

What steps are taken to prevent against Arizonosis in turkeys?

A

Poult inoculation with gentamicin at hatchery

Eggs dipped in antibiotic solution - hotter temperature than eggs so air cell expands

62
Q

You are presented with a flock of turkeys under 6 weeks of age that are exhibiting nasal discharge, raccoon eyes and sneezing or snicking. What is your top differential?

A

Bordetellosis or Turkey Coryza! (B. avium)

Often infected from drinking water - chlorinate it!

63
Q

What diagnostic tests would confirm turkey coryza?

A

Turkey Coryza / B. avium / Bordetellosis

Histopathology
Culture & ID
Rise in ELISA titre

64
Q

You are examining a slide of a turkey trachea and notice a loss of cilia and colonization of the cilia clumps by bacteria with a basophilia on the “fringe”. What is your top differential?

A

Turkey Coryza
Bordetellosis
B. avium

65
Q

What is the process generally used to prevent Turkey Coryza

A

Chlorinate drinking water (3-5 ppm)
Vaccinate at hatchery plus booster at 3 weeks

Note: litter infective for 6 months

66
Q

A flock of turkeys presents due to a rise in mortality. The live turkeys are showing a reluctance to move, oral / nasal discharge, mucoid diarrhea and cyanotic heads with swollen sinuses, wattles and eyes. On necropsy, you observe an enlarged liver and spleen, hemorrhages on the heart, fibrin in body cavities and lungs, as well as egg contents free in the body cavity. There are pinpoint areas of necrosis as well as a fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Name the top 3 differentials.

A

Fowl Cholera/ Pasturellosis (P. multocida) YES bipolar staining, look like dumbbells
Erysipelas (G+) - spleen really big
E. coli (G-) NO Bipolar staining

Also consider ORT

67
Q

What form of Cholera do turkeys and waterfowl tend to suffer from, versus chickens?

A

Turkeys & waterfowl: acute septicemia

Chickens - chronic form

68
Q

What is the accepted treatment for Fowl Cholera in turkeys?

A

Potentiated sulfas are drug of choice “Relfenate”

Sulfonamids, tetracycline in drinking water

69
Q

How would you tell your farmer to prevent against Fowl Cholera?

A

Vaccinate with specific serotype

NO CATS or RODENTS/Wildlife

70
Q

You are called to a turkey farm experiencing a sharp rise in mortality, lameness, and scattered patches of dark discolored skin - especially around the tail head. Some of the wings appear blue. What is your top differential?

A

Gangrenous dermatitis
“Scabby Hip”
“Blue Wing”

Typically in immunosuppressed flocks (especially with HE)

71
Q

What is the prevention and treatment typically used for a turkey flock with gangrenous dermatitis?

A

Penicillin and erythromycin

Proper sanitation, adequate vaccination for HE, SALT THE LITTER

72
Q

You receive a turkey to necropsy from a flock with increased mortality. The live affected birds are showing gasping and blood in the mouth. On necropsy you find firm fibrinous lungs with fibrinous arsacculitis. What are your top two differentials

A

ORT Ornithobacterium rhinotracheala (G-)

Pasteurella multocida (Fowl Cholera)

Must culture to differentiate.

73
Q

How would you treat a flock for ORT?

A

Tetracycline, potentiated sulfa drugs

74
Q

Which serotypes of E. coli cause disease outbreak in turkeys

A

O1, O2, O78

75
Q

What syndromes can be noted in turkeys suffering colibacillosis? How is it treated?

A 
Any or all of the below: 
Airsacculitis
Omphalitis (umbilicus)
Septicemia
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis

Treat with sulfa drugs!

76
Q

Name the 4 types of mycoplasmosis in turkeys

A

“GISM”

M. gallisepticum (Ckn, Turk)
M. iowae (Turkeys primarily)
M. synoviae (Ckn, turk)
M. meleagridis (Turk)

77
Q

A turkey presents with swollen infraorbital sinuses filled with mucoid material and fibrinous airsacculitis. What is your top differential? How would you treat for that disease

A

MG! Infectious sinusitis!

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Treat with tylosin for 2 wks, followed by tetracycline for 2 wks

78
Q

How do you culture out Mycoplasma gallisepticum for diagnosis?

A

Initial streak on Frye’s media, then liquid media with a change in pH, PCR out of the liquid media.

Eliminate the infected breeding stock.

79
Q

What disease is a major concern when raising chickens and turkeys together?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

80
Q

You are presented with turkeys for necropsy from a flock suffering increased late mortality in hatchlings. On necropsy, you observe air sacculitis.

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis.

Treat with tylosin followed by tetracyclines

81
Q

You are presented with a flock of turkeys exhibiting lameness. The turkeys who have died have swollen hocks with thin joint fluid. What disease are you suspicious of?

A

Mycoplasma synoviae

Think synovial fluid

82
Q

You receive turkeys at the slaughter facility with osteomyelitis. Some of the live are lame and hanging out at the perimeter of the barn. Some have not shown any signs but have osteomyelitis at slaughter. What do you suspect?

A

Mycoplasma iowae.

Sometimes twisted necks
Can drop leg at slaughter & keep rest of carcass
Soemtimes liquefactive necrosis of the bone

83
Q

When you see a green liver in a turkey on necropsy what process does that indicate?

A

Green liver = biostasis = anorexia

84
Q

You are inspecting a flock of turkeys who have had a dramatic increase in tom turkey deaths, who are reluctant to move before death and have swollen snoods! What are you suspicious of?

A

Erysipelas
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Swollen/droopy snood = Erysipelas!

85
Q

What gross lesions would you expect in a tom turkey that died with a swollen droopy snood?

A

This is erysipelas!

Greatly enlarged spleen!!
Petechia & ecchymosis of myocardium
Suppurative arthritis

86
Q

If you find a spleen the size of the turkey’s heart, what are you suspicious of?

A

Erysipelas!

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

87
Q

If a turkey presents with conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and is excreting yellow-green gelatinous feces, what is your top differential?

A

Ornithosis (Chlamydiosis)

Chlamydophila psittaci

88
Q

You necropsy a turkey with fibrinous polyserositis with pleuritis and airsacculitis, with some peri/epicarditis. On histopathology, there is light granular basophilia with necrosis spread out on the sample. What disease are you suspicious of?

A

Ornithosis (Chlamydiosis)
Chlamydophila psittaci

Extra: Giemsa stain shows dark blue. Diff quick stain shows small granules

89
Q

You necropsy a turkey who has granulomas in the lungs and fungal plaques/mat in the syrinx and air sacs. It looks like pieces of rice in the lungs. What is your top differential?

A

Aspergillosis

Very common!

90
Q

On histopathology, you use silver stain and see hyphae with 45 degree dichotomous branching. What does this indicate?

A

Aspergillosis

91
Q

All coccidia that infect poultry are from the ______ genus

A

Eimeria!

No cross infection between chicken and turkeys

92
Q

A sick flock you are examining presents with diarrhea, some bloody, and vent picking. What disease is of most concern?

A

Coccidiosis!

93
Q

Name the three types of Eimeria and what part of the GI tract they inhabit most

A

E. meleagrimitis - jejunum
E. gallopavonis - ileum
E. adenoides - cecum

M-J
G-I
A-C

94
Q

What drugs are used to treat coccidiosis

A

Sulfas or amprolium in water

95
Q

What does the shuttle system refer to?

A

Coccidiostats are changed periodically throughout the year to prevent resistance. Starter vs. Grower ration. Spring vs. fall

96
Q

What is the etiology for “blackhead”?

A

Histomonas meleagridis
Aka Histomoniasis
Aka Infectious enterohepatitis.
This is a parasitic protozoan

97
Q

Describe the life cycle of Histomonas meleagridis

A

This protozoan is transmitted by the parasitic cecal nematode, Heterakis gallinarum. Bird ingests the Heterakis ova containing Histomonas trophozoies, or earthworms which carry Histomonas cysts.

98
Q

Describe the gross lesions of a turkey affected by Histomoniasis

A

Cyanosis of the head (Blackhead)
Target-shaped lesions on liver!!! Pathognomonic
Enlarged & necrotic ceca

99
Q

You are necropsying a turkey from a flock suffering high mortality, and find large white round necrotic foci on the liver. They look like targets. What is your top differential?

A

Histomoniasis!
Black head
Histomonas meleagridis

100
Q

Name the two species of Cryptosporidium that infect turkeys, and which part of the body do they infect respectively?

A

C. Baileyi – Chicken, turkey duck.
Bursa of Fabricius, cloaca, respiratory tract

C. meleagridis – chicken, turkey
Small intestine

101
Q

You are presented with a flock of turkeys that ain’t doin right. They have ocular and respiratory discharge, but no other definitive signs. On necropsy there are no gross lesions. What tests should you perform and what disease are you suspicious of?

A

Cryptosporidiosis. Try histopathology and fecal flotation

102
Q

Name five non-infectious disease related syndromes in turkeys:

A 
“DIRRE”
Dehydration
Impaction
Round Heart Syndrome
Rickets
Encephalomalacia
103
Q

Describe the Turkey Viral Rhinotracheitis virus

A

TVRT
Metapneumovirus in paramyxo family
ssRNA
Serotypes A, B, C (in US), D

104
Q

You are presented with a sick flock of turkeys. They are exhibiting snicks, respiratory rales, frothy conjunctival exudate, swollen infraorbital sinuses and lower jaw edema (punk rock turkey). What disease are you most suspicious of?

A

Turkey Viral Rhinotracheitis TVRT

105
Q

You are presented with broiler chickens who have swollen faces, are depressed and disoriented with twisted necks. Birds who have died show enlarged pale kidneys. What are you suspicious of?

A

Swollen Head Syndrome
metapneumovirus (thought to be same as TVRT)
Broilers > Layers
Suspected transovarial transmission

Poultry Rotation MSU (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions