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Poultry Rotation MSU > Poultry Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Poultry Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 types of salmonella diseases in poultry

A

Pullorum disease
Typhoid
Arizonosis
Paratyphoid

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2
Q

You necropsy a chicken with a white pasted vent, yellow crumbly material in the intestines, white masses on heart, spleen, ventriculus and intestines with swollen joints and orange triangular ova/yolks. What is your top differential?

A

Pullorum disease
S. pullorum serogroup D
Vertical transmission

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3
Q

If a flock is showing decreased hatchability and the young birds have diarrhea, are sick, chirping, reluctant to move before death, what do you suspect?

A

Pullorum disease
S. pullorum serogroup D
Clinical signs begin 5-10 days post-hatching
peak 100% mortality 2-3 wks old

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4
Q

What does the National Poultry Improvement Plan focus on?

A

Control egg transmitted diseases of poultry
Surveillence programs for Pullorum, Typhoid, mycoplasma (gallisepticum, synoviae, meleagridis), Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), Low Path H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses

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5
Q

What is the other name for Fowl Typhoid? Describe the etiology

A

aka Bronze Liver Disease

Salmonella gallinarum Serogroup D

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6
Q

What are the signs of Fowl Typhoid

A

Looks like pullorum disease in young poultry (diarrhea, sick, chirping, dead)
Adult birds have large bile stained liver (bronze)

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7
Q

Describe Arizonosis

A

aka Arizona infection or Paracolon infection
Salmonella arizonae
Primarily infects turkeys, can also get chickens and humans

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8
Q

Describe the signs of Arizonosis

A

Same for pullorum disease, +/- twisted necks / blindness. May also see enlarged swollen eyes

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9
Q

What should you treat Arizonosis with?

A

Gentamicin, tetracyclines, sulfas

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10
Q

What is an important control practice to prevent paratyphoid infection in poultry>

A

Rodent control!! Flies too! Antibiotics injected at hatchery possible too

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11
Q

What is the etiology of paratyphoid infection

A

Salmonella typhimurium from serogroup B

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12
Q

What is an important zoonotic infection humans can catch from poultry products, particularly eggs?

A

SE!
Salmonella enteritidis
Chickens often asymptomatic carriers

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13
Q

Is SE highly prevalent on eggs?

A

No! only 1/10,000 eggs have SE

1,000,000 SE bacteria per mouse fecal pellet

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14
Q

What is the causative agent of Avian Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium avium aka avian TB

Seen in all birds, common in backyard flocks

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15
Q

You receive a chicken from a backyard flock that is severely emaciated. On necropsy, it has white masses on all internal organs, particularly the intestines and the liver. On histopathology acid fast bacilli are found within the masses, which are granulomas. What is your likely diagnosis?

A

Avian tuberculosis
Mycobacterium avium
granulomas = tubercles

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16
Q

What disease looks very similar to Avian Tuberculosis?

A

Hjarre’s Disease! E coli strain
Shows serosal granulomas
Look at bone marrow!! Only TB will show granulomas in the bone marrow.

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17
Q

What disease is also known as Limberneck

A

Botulism

Clostridium botulinum type A or C

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18
Q

A farmer reports that his chickens are dying, they are limp and appear drowsy before death. The neck feathers are easily pulled out. On necropsy there are no gross signs. Maggots were found in the crop. What disease are you suspicious of?

A

Botulism

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19
Q

What two etiologies would exhibit bipolar staining?

A 
Erysipelas (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)
Fowl Cholera (Pasteurella multocida)
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20
Q

What age chickens are more susceptible to fowl cholera?

A

Adults more than young.

Mostly a chronic disease in chickens (vs. acute septicemia and rise in mortality in turkeys)

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21
Q

You have a flock of turkeys that have experienced a sudden increase in mortality. They have cyanotic heads with oral discharge and mucoid diarrhea. They also have swollen sinuses, wattles, eye sockets and ears. On necropsy, you observe and enlarged liver and spleen, hemorrhage on the heart, with fibrin in the lungs and fibrin and egg contents in the body cavity. A smear of the spleen shows gram negative bipolar staining. What is your top differential?

A

Fowl Cholera

Pasteurella multocida

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22
Q

How do you differentiate E. coli from Erysipelas and Fowl Cholera?

A 
Fowl Cholera (P. multocida) = Gram neg with bipolar staining
E. Coli = Gram neg with no bipolar staining
Erysipelas = Gram positive with bipolar staining
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23
Q

You are presented with a chicken with swollen eye sockets and ears. What is your top differential?

A

Fowl Cholera. Pasteurella multocida

24
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating Fowl Cholera?

A

Rofenaid (potentiated sulfa)

25
Q

What is the best preventative measure for controlling Fowl Cholera

A

No cats or rodents in poultry houses! Don’t buy used poultry equipment

26
Q

What is the etiology of gangrenous dermatitis?

A

aka necrotic dermatitis aka Blue wing aka Scabby Hip
Clostridium septicum type A or C
Staph and E. coli can be involved

27
Q

What type of birds are at higher risk for developing gangrenous dermatitis?

A

Clostridium septicum type A or C

Immunosuppressed flocks via IBD, CIA, Aflatoxins and poor sanitation

28
Q

You necropsy a chicken from a flock with increased mortality. The live birds are lame and have scattered patches of dark discolored skin. On necropsy there are gas bubble and red-tinged fluid under skin. There are white spots on the liver. What is your top differential?

A

Gangrenous dermatitis

Clostridium septicum type A or C

29
Q

You are necropsying a bird that died after a bout of diarrhea. On necropsy you found yellow crumbly material covering the small intestine. What is your diagnosis?

A

Clostridial enteritis! aka Necrotic enteritis

Clostridium perfringens type A or C

30
Q

You are necropsying a chicken from a flock whose birds are sick, emaciated with diarrhea before death. Grossly, you observe perforating ulcers of the small and large intestines as well as white pinpoint spots on the liver. What is your diagnosis?

A

Ulcerative Enteritis
Clostridium colinum
aka Quail’s Disease

31
Q

How should a farmer treat for ulcerative or necrotic enteritis?

A

Bacitracin, penicillin, lincomycin or oxytet
Don’t forget coccisiostats!
Salt the litter if endemic

32
Q

There is a flock that is not gaining weight as expected. You necropsy on of the chickens and find dark areas on the serosal surface of the duodenum. The gut appears black with fibrin in it. What is your diagnosis?

A

FDN : Focal Duodenal Necrosis

Likely etiology: Clostridium colinum

33
Q

What would you use to treat focal duodenal necrosis?

A

Tylosin, tetracycline, osytetracycline

34
Q

Why are Tylosin and Neomycin good for GI infections?

A

They are large macrolide molecules which do not absorb readily, therefor they concentrate in the gut.

35
Q

You are called to a farm to investigate a sick flock of chickens. They are exhibiting respiratory signs, snicks and coughs, as well as eye and nasal discharge with swollen faces, wattles and infraorbital sinuses. You sacrifice one for necropsy and find yellow material in the infraorbital sinus. What is your top differential?

A

Infectious Coryza
Avibacterium (Hemophilus) paragallinarum
Gram neg, bipolar staining

36
Q

What is the proper vaccination and treatment protocol for Infectious Coryza in chickens (avibacterium paragallinarum)

A

Vaccinate with homologous serotype
MUST KNOW SEROTYPE BEFORE CHOOSE VAX
Type A, B, C
Depopulate, clean up and disinfect between flocks

37
Q

A flock of chickens is gasping and has had an increase in mortality. On necropsy, one bird had firm lungs full of fibrin and fibrinous airsacculitis. What disease are you suspicious of?

A

ORT
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale - Gram neg
Closely related to Riemerella anatipestifer

38
Q

What is the causative agent of Bumblefoot?

A 
Staphylococcus aureus
(Can also cause omphalitis, gangrenous dermatitis, septicemia, arthritis/synovitis/tenosynovitis, discospohdylitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis etc etc) Can look like reovirus
39
Q

What is the etiology for Kinkyback commonly found in broiler chickens

A

Enterococcus cecorum

Gram + cocci

40
Q

A broiler farm has birds that are lame and sitting on their hocks. They are exhibiting paresis and 5%. On necropsy the bird has swollen vertebrae at the thoracolumbar joint and vertebral abscess. have died. What would you like to investigate in these birds?

A

Culture for Enterococcus infection

Discospondylitis with or without osteomyelitis

41
Q

When you open a bird and find a peritonitis that is white and pastey, what is the most likely etiology?

A

E. coli!

Chlorinate the water!

42
Q

What commonly causes watery, mucoid, bloody diarrhea in the southern US?

A

Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni

aka Vibrionic hepatitis

43
Q

What is the etiology of New Duck Disease?

A

Riemerella (Pasteurella) anatipestifer (PA)

44
Q

A flock of ducks presents as listless, has difficulty walking with a head tremor and opisthotonus before death. On necropsy you observe a polyserositis septicemia or fibrin in multiple body cavities and on organs. In a few birds there is a suppurative encephalitis. What disease are you most suspicious of?

A

Riemerella (Pasteurella) anatipestifer (PA)

The stifle can also be affected in chronic infections

45
Q

Name the four types of Mycoplasma that we are concerned with in commercial poultry medicine

A

M. gallisepticum
M. synoviae
M. meleagridis
M. iowae

Turkeys affected by all.
Chickens affected by gallisepticum and synoviae only

46
Q

What disease can spillover from house finches with conjunctivitis?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum “MG”

47
Q

What disease can cause a decrease in layer hens, a chronic respiratory disease in broilers, and Infectious Sinusitis in turkeys?

A

MG!

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

48
Q

What Mycoplasma disease causes lameness in broilers and turkeys, caused by swollen hocks and thin joint fluid?

A

Mycoplasma synoviae

think synovial fluid

49
Q

What causes airsacculitis and bowing and twisting of metatarsal bones in young poults

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis

50
Q

What do birds with Mycoplasma iowae present with?

A

Reduced hatchability and embryo mortality in turkeys

51
Q

Name the three forms of ornithosis/psittacosis in birds

A 
EB = Elementary body - infectious form
RB = Reticulate body - EB expands to form RB. Metabolically active form
IB = Intermediate body - matruation form to form EB
52
Q

What is the etiology of ornithosis / psittacosis

A

Chlamydophila psittaci
Obligate intracellular gram neg bacteria
Serotypes A, B,C, D, E, and F

53
Q

How do humans contract psittacosis?

A

Pet birds, processing infected turkeys or ducks or from pigeons

54
Q

What serotype of psittacosis is commonly found in turkey

A

Serotype D. Toxigenic strain. Vascular damage

55
Q

What would you be worried about in a pigeon with conjunctivitis?

A

Psittacosis / Ornithosis

Chlamydophila psittaci

56
Q

What disease would you be concerned about in a pet bird with fibrinous polyserositis, epicarditis, pleuritis, perihepatitis with liver enlargement and airsacculitis

A

Psittacosis / Ornithosis

Chlamydophila psittaci

Poultry Rotation MSU (4 decks)

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