Turgor pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the key difference between animal and plant cells?

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and a vacuole (to generate huge pressures)

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2
Q

How is pressure generated in cell walls?

A

The cell wall restricts the expansion of the protoplast

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3
Q

What is on example of a turgor driven movement?

A

Venus fly trap

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4
Q

How is turgor pressure used in movement processes of plants? (5)

A
  • gravitropism
  • hydrotropism
  • light stimulated responses
  • reproduction
  • pollen tube growth
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5
Q

Why is turgor pressure so vital in the support of plants? (4)

A
  • loss of turgor in non woody tissues causes wilting which limits photosynthesis
  • can’t transport any sugars as the phloem doesn’t have any pressure
  • leaves can’t intersect light as they have drooped
  • damage to cells lead to non-functioning
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6
Q

What role does turgor pressure play in the stomata?

A
  • 2 guard cells shut when turgor pressure drops
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7
Q

How is turgor pressure generated?

A
  • water moves into cell by osmosis
  • because solutes accumulate in the vacuole
  • vacuole swells and the protoplast is pushed against cell wall
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8
Q

Define turgor pressure

A

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

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9
Q

Define osmosis

A

diffusion of water down its own concentration gradient

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10
Q

What is the effect of solutes on the cell wall?

A

solutes added decrease teh concentration of water, pure water outside cell wall will diffuse in

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11
Q

What is the most pressured compartment in a plant cell?

A

The phloem

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12
Q

Why is the structure of the membrane important in cells?

A

Its semi permeable to allow water to cross the wall by osmosis

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13
Q

What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

A

Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes whereas hypotonic have a lower concentration

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14
Q

What the effects of a hypotonic solution on turgor pressure in cells?

A

Cells gain water and protoplast is pushed against cell wall

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15
Q

What the effects of a hypertonic solution on turgor pressure in cells?

A

a cell wall gives no advantages, cell looses water, volume shrinks, membrane pulls away from cell wall

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16
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

membrane proteins forming water channels and are essentially the biochemical basis of osmosis

17
Q

What is the role of aquaporins?

A

they can open and close to regulate the membrane permeability by closing them

18
Q

What processes are balanced when the water pressure is 0?

A
  • accumulation of solutes and lowering the concentration of water inside the cell
19
Q

What does the water potential need to be in order for a cell to take up water and generate turgor pressure?

A

lower water potential than its environment

20
Q

How do you make water potential more negative?

A

Lower the turgor pressure or increase teh osmotic pressure

21
Q

What is the difference between the primary and the secondary cell wall?

A
primary= growing
secondary= lignified remains of primary cell wall
22
Q

How do plants grow?

A

by individual cells expanding by taking up more water

must have lower water potential on outside

23
Q

What is the effect of turgor pressure on growth?

A

lower turgor = slower growth

higher turgor = faster growth

24
Q

What is the plant’s cell wall made of?

A

cellulose microfibrils

25
Q

What is the effect of temperature on cell walls?

A

lower temperature, less extensible cell walls

26
Q

What is the difference between expansin and extension in the cell wall?

A
extensin = reduces extension
expansin = allows extension
27
Q

Name some cell wall components

A
cellulose
hemicellulose
pectin
protein
lignin
28
Q

What is the effect of acid protons on the cell wall?

A

it will compete with the hydrogen bonding and will weaken teh hydrogen bonding, manipulating the ph of cell wall

29
Q

What is teh acid growth hypothesis?

A

acidified walls will grow faster and loosens wall

30
Q

Why does auxin stimulates growth?

A
  • it stimulates the proton ATPase in the plasmalemma
  • and it exudes protons into the cell wall
  • and solidifies the cell wall by extension growth
  • so increased cell extension by weakening hydrogen bonds between teh xylogucan and teh cellulose microfibrils
31
Q

How is growth related to cell walls?

A

increase in growth is due to increased loosening of cell wall

32
Q

What is the role of expansins?

A

loosen hydrogen bonds between xylogucan and cellulose

33
Q

How does the tightening of cell walls lead to an increase in extension? (5)

A
  • longitudinal microfibril orientation
  • increase cross links between polymers
  • de esterifying teh pectic acids
  • increases pectin cacium bridges
  • increase in extension
34
Q

What is the secondary cell wall composed of and its role?

A
  • cellulose and lignin

- mainly for support

35
Q

What is the difference in extensibility between secondary and primary cell wall?

A

primary are extensible whereas secondary are not

36
Q

What is the difference in lignin content between secondary and primary cell wall?

A

primary don’t have lignin whereas secondary do contain lignin

37
Q

How do you calculate water potential?

A

Turgor pressure - osmotic pressure

38
Q

Name 5 things that turgor pressure ahs a role in plants?

A
  • stomata
  • movement
  • phloem
  • growth
  • suppoty