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Ecological systems and plants sciences - First Year uni > Plant hormones > Flashcards

Plant hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 ways in which cells can communicate

A
  • direct contact; interaction of proteins on cell surface
  • local signalling; secreting cell targets nearby cells
  • long distance signalling; release of hormone into blood stream
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2
Q

Which form of cell communication only occurs in animals?

A
  • long distance signalling
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3
Q

Name the 3 things that plant hormones are important for

A
  • growth
  • development and differentiation
  • responses to environment
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4
Q

What are hormones?

A
  • signal integrator which enable responses of teh plant to teh environment it is in
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5
Q

what is the range in which hormones can work?

A

10^4 - 10^9 M

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6
Q

What are the 2 things that plant growth requires?

A

cell division and cell elongation

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7
Q

Where does cell division take place?

A

in localised meristems

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8
Q

What are meristems?

A

the tip of the shoots and roots

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9
Q

Where does cell elongation occur?

A

away from meristems

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10
Q

Name the 3 main tissues in a plant

A

dermis
ground tissue
vascular tissues

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11
Q

What is the function of vascular tissue?

A

transports material root to shoot and vice versa

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12
Q

Name the 5 classic plant hormones

A 
auxin
cytokinin
ethylene
abscisic acid
gibberellin
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13
Q

What is the function of coleoptile?

A

protects the developing leaves as they pushing out teh soil during germination

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14
Q

How was auxin discovered?

A
  • by observing the growth of movement of coleoptiles
  • impermeable barrier between tip and rest of shoot
  • lack of response
  • meaning movement of light activated chemical from tip to rest of plant (auxin)
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15
Q

How was phototropism discovered?

A
  • grass seedling placed where light was incoming from one direction
  • seedling grew towards light
  • cells on illuminated side of coleoptile were shorter, elongated less than shaded side
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16
Q

Name the 4 plant Reponses involving auxin

A
  • tropisms
  • root branching
  • apical dominance
  • vascular differentiation
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17
Q

What is the difference between root hairs and lateral roots?

A

root hair = single celled extensions

lateral roots = multicellular structure

18
Q

What is the role of auxin in root branching?

A

auxin induces root branching

19
Q

What is apical dominance?

A

a condition in plants where the stem apex prevents the development of lateral branches near the apex

20
Q

What is the name of the amino acid in which auxin is derived from?

A

tryptophan

21
Q

What are cytokinins derived from?

A

adenine which is a component of both RNA and DNA

22
Q

What is the role of cytokinins? (3)

A
  • cell differentiation
  • cell division
  • in combination with auxins
23
Q

Where are cytokinins made?

A

in actively growing tissues

24
Q

How are cytokinins transported around the plant?

A

in teh xylem in aqueous solution

25
Q

What does the combination of cytokinin and auxin allow?

A

shoot and root differentiation

26
Q

Name 3 process cytokinins are involved in?

A

synthesis of RNA and proteins
inhibit protein breakdown
nutrient mobilisation related to growth

27
Q

What is gibberllin?

A

An endogenous hormone

28
Q

What are the 2 main roles of gibberellin?

A

=stem elongation

= germination

29
Q

What is bolting?

A

elongation of a flowering stem

30
Q

How does gibberellin cause cell elongation and growth?

A

they activate cell wall loosening enzymes

31
Q

What is the endosperm?

A

a storage tissue which noursishes the embryo while its developing

32
Q

What is teh role of absicic acid (ABA)?

A

inhibits germination and maintains seed dormancy

33
Q

Why does ABA maintain seed dormancy?

A

so the seed will remain dormant until conditions for survival are more favourable

34
Q

How does ABA prevent drought in the plant?

A

signal passes from the roots to teh shoot promoting stomatal closure

35
Q

What is the role of gibberellin in germination?

A
  • the embryo makes a lot of gibberellin
  • causes the aleurone layer to secrete lots of digestive enzymes
  • breaking down starch within endosperm
  • embryo consumes these sugars to start to grow as endosperm gets smaller
36
Q

What is the 2 processes that ethylene has a role in, in order to avoid leaf desiccation in winter?

A

leaf abscission and senescence

37
Q

What is senescence?

A

it involves cell death and recycling of resources

38
Q

Name the 2 hormones involved in germination

A

ABA and Gibberellin

39
Q

Name the 2 hormones in stem elongation

A

Auxin and Gibberellin

40
Q

Name the 2 hormones involved in plant cell division and differentiation

A

Cytokinin and auxin

Ecological systems and plants sciences - First Year uni (14 decks)

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