Tuning between translation and folding

Question 1

How long is the ribosomal exit tunnel?

Answer 1

100Å

Question 2

Which protein folding is possible in the ribosomal exit tunnel?

Answer 2

Alpha helices

Question 3

When in the exit tunnel can the protein start folding?

Answer 3

In the wider, vestibule part of the exit tunnel

Question 4

FRET

Answer 4

A tool for protein-protein interaction

Question 5

What happens with fast translating mutants?

Answer 5

Produce misfolded proteins which are insoluble

Question 6

What part of translation regulate protein folding?

Answer 6

Elongation rate -> faster folding leads to misfolded proteins

Question 7

What are chaperones?

Answer 7

Proteins assisting in protein folding, can recognize and bind nonnative proteins.

Question 8

Why are mRNA vaccines likely safer than virus-based vaccines?

Answer 8

Doesnt replicate inside the body

Question 9

What are some challenges mRNA vaccines face?

Answer 9

Thermostability, rapid mutations, popular acceptance

Question 10

What does a mRNA vaccine contain?

Answer 10

mRNA that encodes the antigen and a delivery platform (commonly LNP)

Question 11

Why can it be useful for a mRNA to contain a codon that is not frequently occurring [in that particular organism]?

Answer 11

This will cause the translation to slow down, which can be instrumental for correct protein folding