Tuna

Question 1

Water

Answer 1

• Oceans cover 70% of Earth’s surface
• Contains 97% of Earth’s water (3% fresh water)
• Move energy from tropical latitude to the rest of the world
• Add moisture to air
• Absorbs heat and CO2
• React slowly but with great momentum

Question 2

Fisheries

Answer 2

• 13,000 marine fish species

- 10 species make up 1/3 of worldwide catch

Question 3

Status of fish stocks

Answer 3

• Underexploited
• Moderately exploited
• Fully exploited (over half of fish stocks)
• Overexploited
• Depleted
• Recovering

Question 4

3 main problems of fisheries

Answer 4

• Many fisheries are open access > tragedy of common
• Many nations subsidize their fleets, encouraging unprofitable and unsustainable fishing. Regulating this causes economic and social effects
• Attempts at conservation may cause ecological problems (overfish during open season)

Question 5

Maximum sustainable yield

Answer 5

The largest amount of natural resource that can be harvested indefinitely

Question 6

Exclusive economic zones

Answer 6

Allow countries to control fish stocks within 200 miles of their coast

Question 7

Atlantic cod collapse

Answer 7

Massive overfishing in the 1960s due to technology > decreased capelin stocks > mass layoff of workers in Canada > population fell

Question 8

Why study tuna?

Answer 8

A familiar commodity, representative of the crises facing the world’s oceans today

Question 9

Purse seine nets

Answer 9

Encircles fish and bottom is drawn shut

Question 10

Ranching

Answer 10

Young wild tuna are captured and reared for human consumption

Question 11

Bycatch

Answer 11

Dolphins, because they school above tuna and drown in the nets

Question 12

Green consumerism

Answer 12

Harnesses market force to change behavior of firms and industry through responsible consumer purchasing

Question 13

1972 MMPA (marine mammal protection act)

Answer 13

• Prohibits killing and sale of marine mammals
• Allows accidental death of dolphins
• Mandates a reduction in dolphin mortality to 0 over time

Question 14

Dolphin safe label

Answer 14

Does not mean ecological sustainable, tuna are still being overharvested

Question 15

Second contradiction of capitalism

Answer 15

Environmental degradation harming the conditions of production and worker health

Question 16

Global capitalism

Answer 16

• Changed means of production
• Prevented workers from controlling means of production
• Overaccumulation by capitalists at the expense of workers

Question 17

Marine Stewardship Council

Answer 17

Regulatory system, takes money and connection to get certified > small company and individual fishers are left out

Question 18

Social construction of Dolphins and Tuna

Answer 18

Dolphins are charismatic species and tuna is just fish and food