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Neuro Week 5 > Tumours of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Tumours of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How do brain tumours tend to present?

A

Progressive neurological deficit - 68%
Motor weakness - 45%
Headache - 54%
Seizure - 26%

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2
Q

What type of brain herniation kills you?

A

Tonsillar herniation

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3
Q

What features of a headache are indicative of it being due to raised ICP?

A
  • Worse in the morning
  • Wakes patient up
  • Worse with coughing & leaning forward
  • Vomiting
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4
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Reasoning
Behaviour
Motor

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5
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory
Hearing
Language

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6
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensation

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7
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision

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8
Q

How is a brain cancer diagnosed?

A

MRI imaging
Lesion biopsy (formal diagnosis)

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9
Q

What is the commonest type of brain tumour?

A

Metastatic

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10
Q

How many grades of astrocytic tumours are there?

A

4

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11
Q

Who is most likely to have a grade 1 astrocytic tumour?

A

children & young adults

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12
Q

Where are grade 1 astrocytomas found most often?

A

posterior fossa

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13
Q

What is the treatment for a grade 1 astrocytoma?

A

Surgery if effecting function

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14
Q

How do grade 2 astrocytoma’s present?

A

seizures

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15
Q

What is the treatment for grade 2 astrocytoma?

A

Surgery +/- Chemo/Radio

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16
Q

What grades of astrocytoma’s are considered malignant?

A

3 & 4

17
Q

Name a grade 3 astrocytoma

A

Anaplastic astrocytoma

18
Q

Name a grade 4 astrocytoma

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

19
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumour?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

20
Q

How are malignant astrocytoma’s treated?

A
  • Surgery to reduce mass
  • Post-op radiotherapy + Temozolomide (chemo)
21
Q

How long are patients unable to drive for if they have brain tumour surgery?

A

Benign - 6 months
Malignant - 1 year

HGV - double

22
Q

What drug is used as chemo for malignant and benign astrocytoma’s?

A

Malignant - Temozolomide

Benign - PCV

23
Q

What is the most common benign brain tumour?

A

Meningiomas

24
Q

What is the treatment of choice for meningioma?

A

Surgery

25
Q

How are shwannomas treated?

A

Watch & wait due to how dangerous surgery is due to their location in the CNS

26
Q

How are neurofibromas treated?

A

Surgery

27
Q

What is the most common shwannoma?

A

Vestibular shwannoma / acoustic neuroma

28
Q

What is bilateral vestibular schwannoma knows as?

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

29
Q

How are vestibular schwannoma/acoustic neuroma managed?

A

Radiotherapy mainly

Can also surgically remove

30
Q

Who do pineal tumours generally present in?

A

kids

31
Q

What is needed first in midline tumours in kids?

A

Tumour markers

32
Q

Are germinomas or non-germinomatous midline tumours radiosensitive?

A

Germinomas

33
Q

How is too much prolactin treated?

A

Cabergoline

Neuro Week 5 (9 decks)

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