Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Tumours > Flashcards

Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm

A

An autonomous, abnormal, growth of cells

A lesion resulting from autonomous abnormal growth of cells which persists after the initial stimulus is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a tumour?

A

An abnormal swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 4 things cause a tumour

A

Neoplasm
Inflammation
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are neoplasms always pathological?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What two structures make up neoplasms?

A

Neoplastic cells

Stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is ‘stroma’?

A

‘mattress’
Connective tissue framework
Provides mechanical support and nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are neoplastic cells?

A

They are derived from nucleated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How big can tumours grow without a blood supply?

A

2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does a tumour grow bigger than 2mm?

A

It needs to generate a blood supply for itself, so it needs to stimulate angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do malignant tumours become necrotic in the centre?

A

Because they grow faster than new vessels can be produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 ways can you classify tumours behaviourally?

A

Benign
Borderline
Malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristics of a benign tumour?

A

Localised

Don’t metastasise

Slow growth rate

Low mitotic activity

Close resemblance to normal tissue

Encapsulated from normal tissue

Nuclear shape is normal

Necrosis & ulceration is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s an example of a borderline tumour?

A

Midway between borderline and malignant

Ovarian tumours that might turn into cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of malignant tumours?

A

Invasive

They metastasise

Variable resemblance to normal tissue

Poorly defined irregular border

Hyperchromatic nuclei
(excess chromatin)

Pleomorphic nuclei
(different sized nuclei)

Increased mitotic activity

Necrosis & ulceration

Encroach and destroy surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does exophytic mean?

A

Growth extends beyond the surface from which it originates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does endophytic mean?

A

Growth is inward

17
Q

What type of tumour does the suffix -oma indicate?

A

A benign tumour

18
Q

What type of tumour is a papilloma?

A

A benign tumour of non-glandular, non-secretory epithelium

19
Q

What type of tumour is an adenoma?

A

A tumour of glandular or secretory epithelium

20
Q

How would you name a benign tumour of connective tissue origin?

A

Prefix = cell origin

Suffix = -oma

Eg. Lipoma, Osteoma

21
Q

What does the suffix -carcinoma mean?

A

A malignant tumour of epithelial cells

22
Q

How would you name a malignant tumour of epithelial tissue?

A

Prefix = cell origin

Suffix = -carcinoma

23
Q

What is meant by ‘anaplasia’?

A

When the cell origin of a malignant tumour is unknown

24
Q

What type of tumour is an adenocarcinoma?

A

A malignant tumour of glandular epithelium

25
Q

What type of tumour is a sarcoma?

A

A malignant tumour of connective tissue

26
Q

What type of tumour is a melanoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

NOTE -oma suffix does not mean tumour is benign in this case

27
Q

What type of tumour is a mesothelioma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells

NOTE -oma suffix does not mean tumour is benign in this case

28
Q

What type of tumour is a lymphoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue

NOTE -oma suffix does not mean tumour is benign in this case

29
Q

What is Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

A rare type of lymphoma

30
Q

What is Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

Small round tumour found in bone or soft tissue

Stains blue with H&E due to it’s large nuclei

31
Q

What is Grawitz tumour?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

32
Q

What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Tumour caused by infection of human herpesvirus

33
Q

What is a teratoma?

Where are they usually found?

A

A tumour comprising of tissues not usually found at the site

Usually found in gonads

34
Q

What are blastomas?

A

Occur in children, they are caused by malignancies in precursor cells (blasts)

35
Q

What are carcinosarcomas?

A

Mixture of sarcoma (connective tissue) and carcinoma (epithelial cells)

36
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increased in reproduction rate of cells

More cells, but cells are still the same size

37
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increase in size of cells, but no increase in number of them

Immunology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions