Tumour Pathology 1

Question 1

What is a tumour?

Answer 1

Abnormal growing mass of tissue

Question 2

What are the properties of the growth of a tumour?

Answer 2

Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue

Growth continues after the removal of any stimulis which may have caused the tumour

Irreversible change

Question 3

What are the two types of tumours?

Answer 3

Beneign

Malignant (also known as a cancer)

Question 4

What is a fundamental property of cancer?

Answer 4

Its ability to invade into adjacent tissues and to metastasis (spread) and grow at other sites within the body

Question 5

What is metastasis?

Answer 5

Spreading of a tumour

Question 6

What is cancer caused by (vaugly)?

Answer 6

Genetics

Environment

Question 7

What are the top 5 cancers in men?

Answer 7

1) Prostate
2) Lung
3) Colon
4) Kidney
5) Melanoma

Question 8

What are the top 5 cancers in woman?

Answer 8

1) Breast
2) Lung
3) Colon
4) Uterus
5) Melanoma

Question 9

What are the top 5 cancers in both men and woman?

Question 10

What is the 5 year survival rate like for cancers?

Question 11

Why is it important to classify tumours?

Answer 11

Understanding tumour behaviour

Determining the prognosis (outcome) and selecting therapy

Question 12

What is the classification of a tumour based on?

Answer 12

Tissue of origin

Benign or malignant

Question 13

What are some origin tissues for tumours?

Answer 13

Epithelium

Connective tissue

Blood cells

Lymphoid tissue

Melanocytes

Neural tissues

Germ cells

Question 14

What are benign and maligant glandular epithelium tumours called?

Answer 14

Benign are called adenoma

Malignant is called adeno-carcinoma

Question 15

What are benign and malignant squamous tumours called?

Answer 15

Benign are called squamous papilloma

Malignant are called squamous carcinoma

Question 16

What are some connective tissues that a tumour can arise in?

Answer 16

Bone

Fat

Fibrous tissue

Question 17

What are beneign and maligant bone tumours called?

Answer 17

Benign are called osteoma

Malignant are called osteo-sarcoma

Question 18

What are benign and malignant fat tumours called?

Answer 18

Benign are called lipoma

Malignant are called lip-sarcoma

Question 19

What are beneign and malignant fibrous tissue tumours called?

Answer 19

Benign are called fibroma

Malignant are called fibro-sarcoma

Question 20

What are benign and malignant blood tumours called?

Answer 20

There are no benign blood tumours

Malignant blood tumours are called leukaemia

Question 21

What are benign and malignant lymphoid tissue tumours called?

Answer 21

There are no benign lymphoid tissue tumours

Malignant are called lymphoma

Question 22

What are benign and malignant melanocyte tumours are?

Answer 22

Benign are called naevus

Malignant are called melanoma

Question 23

What are neural tissue tumours called?

Answer 23

Astrocytoma (CNS)

Schwannoma (PNS)

Question 24

What are germ cell tumours called?

Answer 24

Teratomas

Question 25

What kind of tumour are testicular normally?

Answer 25

Malignant

Question 26

What kind of tumour are ovaries normally?

Answer 26

Benign

Question 27

What are teratomas usually composed of?

Answer 27

Various tissues

Question 28

What are features in both benign and malignant tumours?

Answer 28

Growth pattern Presence of capsule Invasion Presence of metastasis Differentiation Appearance of tumour cell Function Behaviour

Question 29

What are features of benign tumours?

Answer 29

Non-invasive growth pattern Usually encapsulated No evidence of invastion No metastasis Cells similar to normal Well differentiated Function similar to normal tissue Rarely cause death

Question 30

What are features of malignant tumours?

Answer 30

Invasive growth pattern No capsule or capsule breached by tumour cell Cells abnormal Poorly differentiated Loss of normal function Evidence of spread of cancer Frequently cause death

Question 31

What kind of growth pattern do benign tumours have compared to malignant?

Answer 31

Benign has non-invasive Malignant has invasive

Question 32

What is the differentiation like in benign tumours compared to maligant?

Answer 32

Benign are well differentiated Malignant are poorly differentiated

Question 33

What is the capsule of benign tumours compared to malignant?

Answer 33

Benign are usually encapsulated Malignant have no capsule or it is breached

Question 34

What is metastasis like in benign tumours compared to malignant?

Answer 34

Benign has no metastasis Malignant has metastasis

Question 35

What is the function like of benign tumours compared to malignant tumours?

Answer 35

Benign function is similar to normal Malignant tumours have lost function