Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria 2 Flashcards
What are the different priorities of bacterial infection?
Priority 1 (critical)
Priority 2 (high)
Priority 3 (medium)
What is the classification of gram negative bacteria?
Aerobic (strict)
Bacalli
Aerobic
Cocci
Bacalli
Microaerophilic
Bacalli
Anaerobic (strict)
Cocci
Bacalli
What are examples of gram negative bacteria?
Neisseria spp (neisseria meningitides and neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Moraxella catarrhalis
What does neisseria meningitides cause?
Meningitis
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia
What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause and how is it spread?
Causes urethritis in men and pelvic inflammation in woman
Spead by sexual contact
What does moraxella cartarrhalis cause?
Respiratory tract infection
What are coliforms?
Organisms in the family enterobacteriacae
Where are coliforms found?
Commensals in the large intestine
What is a useful test to classify a gram negative bacalli?
Lactose fermentation
What are some bacteria from the enterobacteriaceae family?
Esherichia coli (E coli)
Salmonella spp
Salmonella typhi
Shigella spp
Klebsiella spp
Proteus spp
What does escherchia coli cause?
Urinary tract infections
What is special about salmonella spp?
Does not ferment lactose
What does salmonella typhi cause?
Typhoid fever
What does shigella spp cause?
Diarrhoea
What does klebsiella spp cause?
Urinary tract infection and hospital acquired pneumonia
What does proteus spp cause?
Urinary tract infection
What are examples of curved (bacalli) bacteria?
Compylobacter spp
Helocibacter spp
Haemophilus influenza
Pseudomonas spp
What does compylobacter cause and how is it spread?
Diarrhoea and is spread by faecal oral route
What does helocibacter pylori do?
Damages mucosa
What does haemophilius influenza cause?
Respiratory tract infection
What does pseudomonas cause?
Hospital acquried sepsis
What are anaerobes often part of?
Polymicrobial infection
What are examples of anaerobes?
Bacteriodes spp
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
What does bacteriodes spp cause?
Intra-abdominal abscess
What does prevotella cause and how is it spread?
Aspiration pneumonia and is spread by human and animal bites
What is miscellaneous bacteria?
Bacteria that cannot be stained with Gram’s staining method or cultured by standard methods
What are examples of miscellaneous bacteria?
Mycobacterium spp
Spriochaetes
Chlamydia/Chlamydophilia
What is mycrobacterium spp?
Acid and alcohol fast bacalli
What is a feature of acid and alcohol fast bacalli like mycobacterium spp?
Resistant to decolourisation by acid or alcohol after staining with carbo fushsin
What can mycobacterium spp be identified by?
ZN or auramine phenol (screening)
What does ZN or auramine phenol not identify?
The species of mycobacterium
What is required to identify species?
Culture
What does mycrobacterium tuberculosis cause?
Tuberculosis
What is non-tuberculosis mycobacteria known as?
Atypical mycobacteria
What is an atypical mycobacteria and what does it cause?
Mycobacteria leprae which cause leprosy, it cannot be cultured
What is spirochaetes?
Long spiral shaped bacteria that cannot be easily visualised by light microscopy and is difficult to culture
What are types of spirochaetes?
Traponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospira interrogans
What does treponema pallidum cause?
Syphilis
What does burgdorferi cause?
Lyme disease
What does leptospira interrogans cause?
Leprosy
What are the 2 types of syphilis?
Primary (non painful skin lesions at the site of infection)
Secondary (generalises systematic illness and rash)
What kind of phase does syphilis have and how is it diagnosed?
A latent phase
It is diagnosed by serology
What is lyme disease transmitted by?
Ticks
What are the different stages of lyme disease?
Stage 1 (skin rash at site of bite)
Stage 2 (systematic illness with cardiac or neurological or musculoskeletal symptoms)
Stage 3 (chronic disease)
What is leptospirosis transmitted by?
Urine and other body fluids
What are different species of chlamydia?
Chlamydophilia pneumaniae
Chlamydophilia psittaci
Chlamydophilia trachomatis
What does Chlamydophilia pneumaniae cause?
Respiratory infection
What does Chlamydophilia psittaci cause?
Respiratory infection
What does Chlamydophilia trachomatis cause?
Genetial tract infection
What is chlamydia diagnosed by?
Serology
What is the relationship between chlamydia and agar?
It does not grow in agar
