tumour immunology 1

Question 1

what is the immune system?

Answer 1

A network of cells and tissues are are continuously patrolling our bodies for invaders- it distinguishes self from non-self

Question 2

give some types of leukocytes

Answer 2

lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils

Question 3

What are 2 main components/categorys of the immune system?

Answer 3

• Leukocytes

- humoral components

Question 4

what are the humoral components of the immune system?

Answer 4

• antibodies
• complement system
• cytokines
• chemokines

Question 5

what to cytokines do

Answer 5

recruit other cells to the site of infection

Question 6

give some of the lines of defence in the body against pathogens/invaders

Answer 6

• tears
• skin
• large intestine
• stomach
• saliva
• respiratory tract (mucous)
• bladder
• primary and secondary lymphoid organs

Question 7

what is meant by opsonization?

Answer 7

• increases pahgocytic efficiency

- opsonin binds - AB to an anitgen, so the phagocyte is attracted to the pathogen

Question 8

what is the origin of the immune cells?

Answer 8

• haemopoiteic SCs
• myeloid of lymphoid progentitors
• monocytes

Question 9

what do monocytes give rise to?

Answer 9

• macrophages

- dendrite cells

Question 10

what is innate response/?

Answer 10

• first line of defence used by host immediately
• not specific to a particular antigen
• e.g. phagocytosis
• no memory response
• but NK cells may be able to be primed - for a more efficient futire response (new research)

Question 11

what is a granulocyte and give exmaples?

Answer 11

A type of immune cell which can secrete granules

• basophil
• eosinophil
• neutrophil (phagocyte)

Question 12

what is an APC?

Answer 12

antigen presenting cell

Question 13

give some examples of APCs

Answer 13

monocytes and macrophages

dendrite cells

Question 14

what is a TLR and what expresses them?

Answer 14

toll like receptor

- dendrite cells express them

Question 15

what do dendrite cells link together?

Answer 15

innate and adaptive immune systems

Question 16

what do keratinocytes produce?

Answer 16

produce antimicrobial peptides/cytokines and chemokine

• causes activation of innate phagocytes
• phagocyte endocytosis kills pathogen

Question 17

give some info about the adaptive immune system

Answer 17

takes a few days to develop
antigen-specific
-diverse
-immunological memory

Question 18

give some of the cellular components of the adaptive immune system

Answer 18

Bcells/lymphocytes - mediators of humoral immune response

Tcells - mediators of cellular immunity

Question 19

what is v(D)J recombination?

Answer 19

• mechanism of genetic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation.
• results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins (Igs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) found on B cells and T cells

Question 20

what markers do T cells express?

Answer 20

CD4+ and CD8+

Question 21

what can be identified by CD4 surface marker?

Answer 21

Thelper cell subsets

Question 22

what is the MHC?

Answer 22

major histocompatibility complex - set of proteins that bind to antigens