Tumour Developemt

Question 1

Understand and explain the cell cycle

Answer 1

Mitosis- 2 genetically identical cells
M phase - PROPHASE METAPHADE ANAPHASE AND TELOPHASE
G phase - cell growth
S phase - DNA synthesis
G2 : prep for mitosis

Question 2

Explain the stages of cancer development

Answer 2

Initiation- change at molecular structure
Promotion - further cell function abnormalities
Progression - cell gains growth over other cells
Invasion and metastasis

Question 3

Discuss the growth of kinetics of malignant tumours

Answer 3

It refers to the patterns of tumours growth over time.
Malignant tumours have a dynamic growth influenced by tumour type, genetic alteration, micro environment and patient factors

Question 4

What are oncongenes and how do they contribute to cancer

Answer 4

They encomde proteins to promote cell growth which leads to cell proliferation and cell invasion therefore tumour begins to spread

Question 5

What are proto oncongenes

Answer 5

A gene that when a mutation happens it leads to a conversion to an oncongenes

Question 6

What are tumour suppressor genes

Answer 6

They ensure normal cell proliferation, they stop cell growth, if absent cancer happens

Question 7

Explain 5 ways DNA damage can lead to cancer development

Answer 7

1Deletion - base pair is deleted
2Duplication - two oe more copies of DNA segment is created
3Inversion - chromosome breaks and attatches in reverse direction
4 insertion of nucleotide
5 translocation - one piece of chromosome breaks off and joins another chromosome

Question 8

3 histogenic sub groups of tumours

Answer 8

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma

Question 9

What is the purpose of tumour classification

Answer 9

Epidemiology analysis
Accurate diagnosis
Accurate exchange of info
Define sub groups

Question 10

Identity how tumours can development in oncongenes

Answer 10

They develop from proto oncongenes
Which produces a protein for cellular transformation