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Patho 3 Shea > Tumors / Cysts > Flashcards

Tumors / Cysts Flashcards

1
Q
  • rare, attributable to fact that epithelium of fallopian tubes does not shed cyclically (like endometrium)
  • muscularis is thin and composed of cells that don’t respond to estrogenic stimulation
A

Tumors of Fallopian Tubes

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2
Q

_____ are the most common lesions & these tumors account for 1% of all GYN malignancies

A

Adenocarcinomas

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3
Q
  • Common
  • Follicles enlarge during proliferative phase
  • If follicle does not rupture, remains filled w/ fluid and enlarge
  • Remain small / have little clinical significance
A

Ovarian Cysts

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4
Q

Where are ovarian cysts usually found?

A

Cortex of ovary

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5
Q

broken grocery bag

A

Ruptured Follicular Cyst

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6
Q
  • If ovulated follicle transforms into corpus luteum & transforms into fibrotic corpus albicans, so a cavity could fill w/ fluid, leading to formation of _____.
A

Corpus Luteal Cyst

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7
Q
  • Ovaries are bilaterally enlarged & studded w/ follicular cysts
  • Cause functional disturbance
  • Amenorrhea, obesity, hirsutism, infertility
  • Young women (2nd / 3rd decades)
  • Ovaries: multicystic w/ thick, tough, pearly white capsule
A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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8
Q

Another name for PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

A

Stein–Leventhal syndrome

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9
Q
A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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10
Q

Pathology of which condition?

  • Continuous/abnormal stimulation of ovary by FSH & LH
  • (NOT periodic or sequential such as in follicular cysts & luteinized cysts which produce Androgens / male virulism)
A

PCOS

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11
Q

How are Ovarian Neoplasms divided into subtypes?

A

Based on their cells of origin

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12
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of Ovarian Neoplasms

A
  • Tumors of surface/germinal epithelium
  • Tumors of germ cells
  • Tumors of sex cord stromal cells
  • Metastases involving ovaries
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13
Q
  • On day ___ of menstrual cycles, the egg is discharged through single layer of cuboidal that lines surface of ovary.
  • Trauma to surface of ovary monthly can be source of this tumor
A

Day 14

Tumor of surface/germinal epithelium

(Ovarian Neoplasm)

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14
Q

Which neoplasm?

  • Women w/ tumor secreting way too much estrogen
  • This same tumor can produce androgens –> bearded lady
A

Tumor of sex cord stromal cells

(Ovarian Neoplasm)

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15
Q

Ovarian Neoplams

  • Are tumors usually benign or malignant?
A

Benign tumors are more common

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16
Q

Which neoplasm?

  • 2nd most common GYN cancer
  • Ranks 1st for deaths of GYN cancers (most deadly)
  • Causes more deaths than all other tumors of reproductive tract
A

Ovarian Neoplasms

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17
Q

Which ovarian neoplasm is most common?

A

Tumors of surface/germinal epithelium

  • Rupture at ovulation
  • Each time the ruptured site heals each month, the proliferation of cells are at increased risk of transforming into tumors
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18
Q

What would decrease a woman’s risk of Ovarian Neoplams caused by tumors of surface/germinal epithelium?

A

Birth Control Pills (suppress ovulation)

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19
Q
  • What are the 3 categories of Tumors of Surface Epithelium (Ovarian Neoplasms)?
  • Which ones are cystic?
  • Which ones are solid?
A
  • Serous (cystic)
  • Mucinous (cystic)
  • Endometroid (solid)
20
Q

All tumors of surface epithelium (ovarian neoplasms) are either _______ or ________.

A
  • Adenomas
  • Adenocarcinomas
21
Q

Serous and Mucinous tumors of surface epithelium (ovarian neoplasms) are classified as ____, _____, or _____.

A
  • Benign
  • Borderline
  • Malignant
22
Q
  • Which surface tumor (ovarian neoplasm) is most common?
    • Several cysts lumped together within common outer capsule
    • Most are benign
    • If malignant are usually bilateral
    • These tumors mimic fallopian tube epithelium
    • Uncommon before puberty
A

Serous Tumors

23
Q

“jelly fish w/ a cyst”

A

Serous Cystadenoma

(Ovarian Neoplasm - Tumor of Surface Epithelium - Serous Tumor)

  • Usually benign
  • Mimics fallopian tube epithelium
24
Q

“Fat Starfish”

A

Serous Tumor of Borderline Malignancy

(Ovarian Neoplasms - Tumor of Surface Epithelium)

25
Q

Nemo eggs

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

26
Q

Guts covered in blood

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

27
Q

Which neoplasm?

  • Usually benign (7:1)
  • Usually unilateral
  • Cavity filled w/ thick yellow/clear jelly
  • If ruptured or if malignant tumor invades peritoneum –> entire body filled w/ mucus
  • Mimics endocervical epithelium
A

Mucinous Tumor

(Ovarian neoplasm - Surface Tumor)

28
Q

Mucinous Tumor ruptures or malignant tumor invades peritoneum, entire belly filled w/ mucus.

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

29
Q

Yellow jelly

A

Mucinous Cystadenoma

30
Q

Barnicles

A

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma

31
Q
A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

  • ruptured tumor
  • malignant tumor invading peritoneum –> belly filled w/ mucous from Mucinous Tumor of Surface Epithelium
32
Q
  • Solid tumor
  • Composed of glands which resemble endometrial glands
  • 15-30% w/ carcinoma of endometrium
  • 15% w/ benign endometriosis
  • Surface epithelium is solid / char by dense fibrous stroma w/ scattered nests of transitional epithelium
A

Endometroid & Brenner Tumors

33
Q

Brown balls

A

Brenner Tumor

34
Q
  • Tumors which produce no sxs, so once recognized is usually too late to treat pt
  • Surgery / Chemo don’t help much…
  • Benign tumors w/ excellent prognosis w/ 5 yr survival rate of 100%
  • Prognosis depends on stage of tumor
A

Surface Epithelium Tumors

(Ovarian Neoplasms)

35
Q
A
36
Q

Which ovarian neoplasm?

  • Have good prognosis, but 5 yr survival is 80%
A

“Borderline” Surface Epithelial Tumors

37
Q

Which ovarian neoplasm?

  • 5 yr survival is 10-40% depending on stage
A

Malignant Surface Epithelial Tumor

38
Q
  • Tumor occurs in women younger than 25 yrs
  • Most common ovarian tumor in women under 25 yrs
  • Dermoid cyst is 95% of these tumors
  • MIDLINE tumors
A

Germ Cell Tumors

39
Q

What is the most common Germ Cell Tumor?

A

Benign Cystic Teratoma (95%)

(Dermoid Cyst)

40
Q
  • Cyst that is lined on inside w/ hairy skin
  • Wall contains teeth, bone, cartilage, skin appendages (sweat/sebacceous glands) = bad odor
  • Benign, but should be resected bc/ if left in place may become malignant
A

Benign Cystic Teratoma

(Dermoid Cyst)

41
Q
A

Mature Cystic Teratoma (Benign Cystic Teratoma)

(dermoid cyst)

42
Q
A

Mature Cystic Teratoma (Benign Cystic Teratoma)

(Dermoid Cyst)

43
Q

“White foot stepping on crunchy soil”

A

Mature Cystic Tertoma (Benign Cystic Teratoma)

(Dermoid Cyst)

44
Q
  • Ovarian counterpart of male Seminoma
  • Uncommon, but makes up half of all malignant germ cell tumors
  • Usually occurs in childhood
  • ALL are malignant! But only 1/3 are aggressive
A

Dysgerminoma

45
Q
  • Ovarian counterpart of Yolk Sac Tumor of male testes
  • Too rich in AFP (alpha fetoprotein)
  • Rare, grows aggressively/rapidly
  • Predominantly in children and young adults
A

Endodermal Sinus Tumor

46
Q
  • Usually exists in combination w/ other germ cell tumors of ovaries (teratocarcinomas)
  • Identical to placenta or testicular lesions
  • Elaborates HCG to help w/ diagnosis
  • “ugly” and bulky
  • highly lethal
A

Choriocarcinoma

Patho 3 Shea (19 decks)

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