Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho 3 Shea > Renal 3 > Flashcards

Renal 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  • 50% of patients with these stones have hyperuricemia (gout)
  • Other people w/ these stones have diseases w/ rapid cell turnover (leukemia)
  • The stones are usually radiolucent (unlike others)
A

Uric Acid Stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Rare stones
  • Found in patients w/ an inborn error of amino acid metabolism
A

Cysteine Stones

(Cystinosis = inborn error)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do people w/ leukemia get uric acid stones?

A

Due to the treatment for their condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most urinary stones are found where? (2)

A
  • Renal pelvis
  • Urinary bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which stones grow larger and can fill the entire renal pelvis?

A

Staghorn calculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is “spasmotic pain caused by contraction of obstructed ureter?”

A

Urinary colic (typical symptom of urinary stones)

Other common symptom is hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Young men get this and think they have a hernia (but with no hx of fall/strain)
  • Paroxysms of flank pain radiating towards the groin
  • Fevers
A

Renal Colic from urinary stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx for urinary stones

A
  • Smaller stones may be voided w/ relief of sxs
  • Larger stones require surgery or mechanical extraction (after stones have been broken into smaller pieces)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Breaking urinary stones into smaller pieces
  • Ultrasonic targeting to stones
A

Lithotripsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do urinary tract obstructions occur?

A
  • May occur at any level of the urinary tract (urethra to renal pelvis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 things can result from not recognizing a Urinary Tract Obstruction?

A

Increase susceptibility to:

  • infection
  • stone formation
  • permanent renal atrophy (hydronephrosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are 90% of obstructions located?

A

Below the level of the glomeruli (therefore cause obstructions to urine flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 3 developmental defects can cause Urinary Tract Obstructions?

A
  • strictures
  • stenoses
  • bladder neck obstructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What other 7 things cause Urinary Tract Obstructions besides defects and inflammation?

A
  • urinary calculi
  • pregnancy
  • BPH
  • prostate cancer
  • infection
  • spinal cord injury
  • uterine prolapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which 3 inflammations can cause Urinary Tract Obstructions?

A
  • Urethritis
  • Prostatitis
  • Ureteritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces associated w/ progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstruction to the outflow of urine

A

Hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydronephrosis

  • Progressive pressure and dilation affects the collecting ducts and cortical regions (compressing the renal vasculature) which can affect ___.
A

GFR

18
Q

Hydronephrosis

  • Obstruction can trigger an interstitial inflammatory reaction (mediated by leukocytosis) eventually leading to ____ ____.
A

Interstitial Fibrosis

19
Q

Kidneys may become transformed into a thin walled cystic structure w/ striking parenchymal atrophy, obliteration of pyramids and thinning of cortex

A

“far advanced cases of hydronephrosis”

20
Q

An acute obstruction may cause what type of pain

A

Colic-type pain (attributed to distention of the collecting system)

21
Q

Which type of hydronephrosis?

  • may remain silent for long periods
A

Unilateral, (complete or partial)–> (as the unaffected kidney maintains renal function)

22
Q

Which type of hydronephrosis?

  • Results in an inability to concentrate urine, reflected by polyuria and nocture, leading to nephritis
A

Bilateral, partial hydronephrosis

23
Q

Which type of hydronephrosis?

  • Results in oliguria or anuria, incompatible w/ long survival, due to irreversible kidney damage

(WORST ONE)

A

Bilateral, complete hydronephrosis

24
Q
  • Are neoplams of the urinary tract usually malignant or benign?
  • Who are they more common in?
A
  • Malignant
  • Older patients and Men
25
Q

What are the 3 most common types of renal cancers?

A
  1. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
  2. Transitional Cell Carcinoma of renal pelvis
  3. Wilms Tumor (pediatric)
26
Q

What are the 2 benign tumors of the kidney?

A
  • Renal cortical adenomas
  • Fibromas
27
Q
  • RCC is more common in males or females?
  • Median age?
  • Etiology?
A
  • Males
  • 55 yrs
  • Idiopathic, but studies indicate link to cigarette smoking
28
Q

Compared to RCC (Silent/bastard killer), which cancer is more common, slower growing, and easier to tx?

A

Bladder cancer

29
Q
  • Grossly appear as nodules or masses that are sharply demarcated from remaining renal parenchyma
  • Arise from either upper or lower poles of kidneys
A

RCC

30
Q
  • On cross section, appear as yellow, somewhat bosselated (jets out of blood), encapsulated tumors that can extend through the renal capsule into the perirenal fat, adrenals, or renal vein
A

RCC

31
Q

What vessel allows for spread of cancer (quick metastasis) of RCC?

A

Renal vein is involved early on

32
Q

Where does distant metastasis spread to w/ RCC?

A
  • Lungs
  • Bones
33
Q

What cells make up RCC?

A

Cuboidal cells reminiscent of renal tubules that have either clear or granular cytoplasm

34
Q

The cuboidal cells of RCC are filled with which 2 things?

A
  • Glycogen
  • Lipids

(adenocarcinoma)

35
Q

What is the most frequent presenting symptom of RCC, occuring 50% of patients

A

Hematuria

36
Q

What is the classic triad of RCC?

A
  • Hematuria
  • Dull flank pain
  • Palpable abdominal mass
37
Q

How are 50% of RCC tumors diagnosed?

A

Accidentally on CT scan performed for an unrelated reason

38
Q

A significant number of patients with RCC exhibit which sxs?

A

Non-specific sxs:

  • weight loss
  • long standing fever
  • HTN
39
Q

What are 2 rare lab findings of RCC?

A

Metabolic Paraneoplastic findings:

  • Hypercalcemia
  • Polycythemia
    ​
40
Q
  • How is RCC treated?
  • 5 year survival, what % live?
  • What % die?
A
  • Surgically
  • 35% live
  • 65% die

Patho 3 Shea (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions