TUMORS Flashcards

1
Q

astrocytomas are probably derived from __________) that have been stimulated by
different oncogenes.

A

Neural stem cells (NSCs

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2
Q

Only two astrocytoma subtypes—_______—are considered truly benign

A

pilocytic and

subependymal giant cell astrocytomas

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3
Q

All diffusely infiltrating

astrocytomas are at least WHO grade_____ neoplasms

A

II

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4
Q

A rare variant of pilocytic astrocytoma called __________ can also present in infants, generally as a
large H-shaped hypothalamic mass that extends laterally into one or both temporal lobes

A

pilomyxoid astrocytoma

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5
Q

SEGAs are almost exclusively found in the

________, attached to the septi pellucidi.

A

lateral ventricle near the foramen of Monro

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6
Q

Cerebellar and tectal plate astrocytomas are usually _________, whereas most brainstem “gliomas” are diffusely infiltrating ________

A

pilocytic astrocytomas

fibrillary astrocytomas

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7
Q

__________________ is the most common of all primary CNS neoplasms in patients between the ages of 18 and 30 years. Most occur in the hemispheric white matter

A

Diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma (WHO grade II)

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8
Q

MC adult astrocytoma

A

Diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas are the most common tumor type

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9
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma, sometimes termed “juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma” or “cystic cerebellar astrocytoma,” is a well-circumscribed, typically ______

A

slow-growing glioma of young patients.

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10
Q

The second most common site of pilocytic astrocytoma is _______________, which
together account for between one-quarter and one-third of all PAs

A

around the optic nerve/chiasm and hypothalamus/third ventricle

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11
Q

The classic finding of PA is a biphasic pattern of two distinct astrocyte populations.
The dominant type is composed of compact, hair-like (“pilocytic”) bipolar cells with _________(electron-dense
glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]-positive cytoplasmic inclusions) (17-5).

Intermixed are loosely textured, hypocellular, GFAP-negative areas that contain _______

A

Rosenthal fibers

multipolar cells with microcysts

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12
Q

The most common appearance of a

posterior fossa PA is a ______

A

well-delineated cerebellar cyst with a mural nodule.

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13
Q

MRS in PAs often shows _________________—paradoxical findings that are more
characteristic of malignant neoplasms than this clinically benign-behaving tumor

A

elevated Cho, low NAA, and a lactate peak

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14
Q

In PMA, Rosenthal fibers and the characteristic biphasic pattern of PA are absent, Instead, PMAs
consist of ________

A

monomorphic piloid tumor cells embedded in a striking, mucopolysaccharide-rich myxoid matrix

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15
Q

T or F, Patients with PMAs generally have a better prognosis that those with PA

A

F

worse

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16
Q

________is the

most common congenital astrocytoma.

A

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

17
Q

(WHO grade II) is the most common of all primary CNS neoplasms in patients
between the ages of 18 and 30 years. Most occur in the hemispheric white matter

A

Diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma

18
Q

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)

A

is a WHO grade II-III neoplasm. usually cortically based

hemispheric tumors that present with epilepsy. PXAs are more common in young adults than in children.