Tumor supressor / Oncogenes

Question 1

Tumor Supressor Gene Function

Answer 1

1. DNA Repair
2. Cell differentiation
3. Checkpoint control of Cell cycle
4. Transcription factor regulation

2- Hit = LOSS OF FUNCTION

Question 2

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 2

Proto-oncogenes necessary for cell growth and differentiation.

1 HIT = GAIN OF FUNCTION = unregulated cell growth.

Growth Factors
Growth Factor receptors
Signal Transducers
Cell Cycle Regulators

Question 3

Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

Answer 3

Growth Factor mutation over expressed in ASTROCYTOMAS

ONCOGENE

Question 4

ERB-B2 (HER2)

Answer 4

Growth factor receptors (EGFR)
RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE
BREAST CANCER
ONCOGENE

TX: Trastuzumab

Question 5

ERB-B1 (EGFR)

Answer 5

Growth Factor Receptor
RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE
LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA
ONCOGENE

TX: Cetuximab (AB)
Erlotinib or Gefitinib

Question 6

BCR-ABL

Answer 6

signal transducer
NON-RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE
(t 9;22) CML + B-ALL(poor prognosis)
oncogene

TREATMENT: Imatinib

Question 7

BRAF

Answer 7

Signal Transducer
ONCOGENE
RAS SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
(RAS activates RAF which activates MAP-K)

MELANOMA (V-600 E Mutation)
NON-hodgkins lymphoma

TX: VEMURAFENIB

Question 8

RAS

Answer 8

GTPase binding protein
GTPase over activity
ONCOGENE

K- RAS: Colon, Lung, Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 9

L-MYC

Answer 9

Transcription Factor
Oncogene
SMALL CELL Lung Cancer

Question 10

C-MYC

Answer 10

Transcription factor
Oncogene
Burkitts lymphoma

Question 11

N-MYC

Answer 11

Transcription factor
Oncogene
Neuroblastoma

Question 12

RET

Answer 12

NON-receptor tyrosine kinase
ONCOGENE
MEN-2A/2B 
medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma for both
parathyroid(2A),
mucosal neuromas + marfinoid (2B)

Question 13

JAK-2

Answer 13

NON-receptor Tyrosine Kinase
ONCOGENE
Myeloproliferative Disorders
(Polycythemia, Essential Thrombocytosis, Primary Myelofibrosis)

Question 14

ALK

Answer 14

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Oncogene
Lung adenocarcinoma

Question 15

BCL2

Answer 15

Inhibits apoptosis
Oncogene
Follicular Lymphoma

Question 16

C-KIT

Answer 16

Cytokine receptor
Oncogene
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Question 17

BRCA (1&2)

Answer 17

DNA repair Proteins
Tumor Supressor Genes
Breast, Ovarian

Question 18

APC/Beta Catenin

Answer 18

WNT signaling pathway
Tumor Supressor Gene
Colorectal Cancer + Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Question 19

TP53

Answer 19

Genetic Stability
Tumor Supressor
P53 activates P21 which blocks G1–>S

Most cancers Li Fraumeni

Question 20

TSC1 / TSC2

Answer 20

Hamartin (TSC1)
Tuberin (TSC2)
Tumor Supressor
Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 21

NF1

Answer 21

RAS GTPase - activating neurofibromin
Tumor supressor gene
Neurofibromatosis 1

Question 22

NF2

Answer 22

Merlin Protein
Tumor Supressor Gene
NF-2 (bilateral Acoustic schwannomas)

Question 23

RB

Answer 23

G1–> S inhibitor
Active when Hypophosphorylated
Tumor Supressor Gene
Retinoblastoma and Osteosarcoma

Question 24

VHL

Answer 24

Ubiquitin Ligase (inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1)
Tumor Supressor Gene
Von Hippel Lindau (RCC, Cerebellar hamangioblastomas, Pheochromocytomas)

Question 25

WT1

Answer 25

Urogenital Differentiation
Tumor Supressor (chromosome 11)
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 26

PTEN

Answer 26

breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer
Tumor Supressor
PIP2—> inactive PIP3

Question 27

CDK4(cyclin dependent kinase )

Answer 27

Tumor Supressor

Melanoma

Question 28

Cyclin D1

Answer 28

Mantle Cell lymphoma (t 11;14)

Tumor Supressor