Tulving LTM

Question 1

what did tulving say about LTM

Answer 1

it can be split into declarative memories and procedural memories
declarative memories can be split into episodic and semantic memories

Question 2

declarative memories

Answer 2

explicit memories that can be consciously recalled

Question 3

procedural memories

Answer 3

implicit memories that we typically can’t consciously recall but can easily perform it

Question 4

semantic memory

Answer 4

• stores words, facts, meanings and concepts all linked
• not time-referenced
• not context-dependent so robust

Question 5

episodic memory

Answer 5

• stores info about personal experiences and events
• time-referenced
• context-dependent on when info was learned so vulnerable to change

Question 6

where is semantic memory localised

Answer 6

temporal and frontal lobe

Question 7

where is episodic memory localised

Answer 7

hippocampus

Question 8

H.M. and Clive Wearing case study support for Tulving’s LTM

Answer 8

their episodic memories were severely impaired due to amnesia so they struggled to recall past events
- their semantic memory was somewhat unaffected and their procedural memories were in tact, supports view that different types of memory are stored in LTM because even if one is damaged the others are unaffected

however case studies are uniques, cannot be replicated and have low generalisability

Question 9

Baddeley 1966b support for Tulving’s LTM

Answer 9

• found that ppts struggled with word lists linked by a common theme which suggests semantic similarity confused the LTM while dissimilar words didn’t
• suggests at least part of LTM works semantically

Question 10

applications of Tulving’s LTM

Answer 10

led to development of new theories
- he developed the ‘levels of processing theory’ which states that memories are made based on depth of processing and semantic processing makes LTM
- more widely accepted than MSM which says it’s only rehearsal that makes LTM