Classic Baddeley 1966b Flashcards
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY DOES BADDELEY 1966B LOOK AT
LTM
aim of baddeley 1966b
to study how STM and LTM encode their info and whether similarity of words leads to impairment of recall
how many experiments in baddeley 1966b
3
- 1 and 2 wanted to see if LTM encoded semantically/acoustically, but results were being affected by STM, baddeley devised an interference task to block STM
- 3 was the main one we get our results from
participants in baddeley 1966b
- 72 from the applied psychology research unit panel at Cambridge Uni
- mix of males and females
- 15 in Group1, 20 in Group2, 16 in Group3, 21 in Group4
experimental design in baddeley 1966b
independent measures - 4 groups
- Group1 acoustically similar
- Group2 acoustically dissimilar (control)
- Group3 semantically similar
- Group4 semantically dissimilar (control)
procedure of baddeley 1966b
- 10 words presented one at a time, each presented on screen for 3 seconds
- interference, ppts heard 8 numbers read out and had to write them down (blocks STM)
- shown words from word list and had to rearrange them into original order as best they could
STEPS 1-3 REPEATED THREE TIMES IN A ROW, EACH REP IS CALLED A TRIAL SO 4 TRIALS IN TOTAL
- 15 min break where they do unrelated task
- surprise retest to recall word list one more time
baddeley 1966b results
- no statistical diff between recall of acoustically similar/dissimilar words
- recall of semantically similar words significantly lower than dissimilar especially in surprise retest
baddeley 1966b conclusions
- STM encodes acoustically
- LTM encodes semantically dissimilar words easier
reliability of baddeley 1966b
high
- conducted in controlled lab experiment using a standardised procedure (10 words presented for 3 secs each, 4 trial repetitions)
- regarded as replicable, if repeated there would be similar results
internal validity of baddeley 1966b
high
- highly controlled lab environment (4 trials, 15 min interference, surprise retest)
- cause and effect can be established between IV and DV so more credible
applications of baddeley 1966b
can assist with revision and treatments for dementia as we know STM can be improved by sound and rehearsal, LTM can be improved by attaching meaning
ecological validity of baddeley 1966b
low
- conducted in lab setting using artificial tasks, learning monosyllabic lists of 10 words is not generalisable to everyday memory contexts such as learning in schools
opposing evidence for baddeley 1966b
Frost 1972 - LTM recall also related to visual encoding
Nelson and Rothbart 1972 - found evidence of acoustic coding into the LTM
is baddeley 1966b reductionist
high reductionism
- simplified memory to the recall of a list of words, however produced objective, quantitative data into encoding
- a more holistic approach to studying memory may be less scientific but more valid and applicable to memory in everyday life
