Tudor Ireland and Causes of Tyrone's Rebellion - 1595 Flashcards
When did the rebellion break out?
1595
What were the fundamental causes of Tyrone’s rebellion?
Break with Rome increased need for control and increased religious tensions
Anglo Irish Lords felt alienated by monarchy
Made worse by war with Spain
What were the long term causes for the rebellion?
- Tudor monarchs claimed to have the right to rule Ireland
- England wanted to anglicise Ireland due to apparent lawlessness in the Irish way of life
- Irish practice of tanistry not linked by English
What was tanistry?
Inheritance dictated by those who bore the family name, not necessarily father to son, seen as threatening in England
How did the Irish organise their rule of Ireland?
Through clans - the O’Niells
Why was the Irish problem more significant in 1530?
During the break with Rome as Ireland remained Roman Catholic
What was Henry’s policy of conciliation?
Negotiations, concluded that land would be surrendered and regranted, given English titles, Henry owned the land,
What approach did Mary take that was different to Henry’s policy of conciliation?
Ireland semi independent so Mary appointed Lord Deputy - Earl of Sussex, encouraged English settlers to settle outside the Pale to civilise Ireland
What did England’s Lord Deputy control?
The Pale and Dublin
What titles did Henry give the Irish?
Tenants in chief
Why did Elizabeth face the threat of Catholic rebellion?
She was a protestant queen and Ireland was catholic - already made into a reality after NR, resulted in hard line policies
How did Elizabeth deal with Ireland?
- Divided Irish regions into English style counties
- Established councils - Cannaught and Munster 1569 and 1571
What did Elizabeth’s Irish policies lead to?
Unsuccessful rebellions - Munster 1579 and 1583, in 1569 rebels executed and lands sold to English settlers
Why was there resentment in Munster?
1592- 775 English settlers in Munster: outnumbered by Irish but still caused resentment
What did Elizabeth impose in 1585?
Wanted to transfer payments from Irish Lords for their land and armies to English authorities in return for anglicism
What was Ulster?
Most gaelic part of Ireland - English control limited, controlled by O’Neill but disputed with rival clan O’Donnells
What did the English try and do in 1570s and how did the Irish react?
English wanted to settle in Ulster = violence, O’Donnells and O’Neills united against Irish, English responded with violence, killed 200 O’Neills and 500 O’Donnells
What did Hugh O’Neill accept in 1585?
Title of Earl of Tyrone
What happened after Hugh O’Neill accepted his title?
There was temporary peace until English tried to settle again, chieftains of Ulster began to accept regranting of land and became tenants to English monarchy
What happened in 1590?
Chief of Macmillan executed, lands given back to the crown, English settled on the land, Tyrone realised it was a trap and could now be charged with treason under English law
Who was O’Donnell in touch with in 1593?
O’Donnell in touch with Phillip of Spain II but Phillip busy dealing with the Netherlands
What did O’Donnell and Maguire do in 1594?
Besieged the English held Enniskillen Castle, Maguire helped Tyrone’s brother ambush an English relief force heading for Enniskillen - killed 56 soldiers
What did the Irish promise in 1594?
To restore peace in Ulster and to co operate with the English gov - Lord Deputy in Dublin Sir William Russell
Did William Russel believe the Irish?
Prepared to believe his promises and did not arrest him, Tyrone still allowed to keep his private army
