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Renal I > Tubular reabsorption and secretion > Flashcards

Tubular reabsorption and secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different mechanisms of transport across a cell membrane?

A

Diffusion
Uniport
Symport/cotransport
Antiport
Ion channel
Active transport

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2
Q

What are common characteristics of protein mediated transport?

A

Rate of transport
Saturation kinetics
Chemical specificity

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3
Q

What is the plasma threshold of glucose where the excretion from the kidneys begins?

A

200 mg/dL

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4
Q

Where is the Na/H antiporter located in the kidneys?

A

Proximal tubule

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5
Q

Where is H+ secreted in the kidney?

A

Proximal tubule
Thick ascending limb
Alpha-intercalated cells in collecting tubule

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6
Q

Where is bicarbonate synthesized in the kidney?

A

Proximal tubule
Alpha intercalated cells in collecting tubule

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7
Q

What is the affect of angiotensin II in the proximal tubule?

A

Stimulates Na/H countertransport

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8
Q

What is the site of action of osmotic diuretics?

A

Proximal tubule - Na/H countertransport

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9
Q

What are the osmotic diuretics?

A

Urea
Glucose
Mannitol

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10
Q

What is the site of generation of the medullary osmotic gradient?

A

Thick ascending loop of Henle

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11
Q

What is the site of action of loop diuretics?

A

NKCC2 transporter in the loop of Henle

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12
Q

What tubules are impermeable to water?

A

Thick ascending loop of Henle
Early distal tubule

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13
Q

When does tubular fluid become hypotonic?

A

Early distal tubule

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14
Q

What is the site of action of thiazide-like diuretics?

A

Early distal tubule - blocks Na/Cl cotransporter

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15
Q

What does membrane permeability to water in the principal cells depend on ?

A

Concentration of ADH

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16
Q

What stimulates Na/K antiport in the principal cells?

A

Aldosterone

17
Q

Where are renal principal cells located?

A

Late distal tubules and cortical collecting tubules

18
Q

What is the site of action for K sparing diuretics?

A

Principal cells

19
Q

What is the general movement of sodium through the kidney?

A

Freely filtered
99.5% reabsorbed
0.5% excreted

20
Q

What does potassium excretion depend on?

A

Rate of potassium excretion by principal cells

21
Q

About how much of filtered calcium is normally excreted?

A

Less than 1%

22
Q

About how much filtered phosphate is normally excreted?

A

About 15%

23
Q

Where is urea reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

PCT
Collecting duct

24
Q

Where is urea secreted in the kidney?

A

Thin descending limb

25
Q

What is the defect in Fanconi syndrome?

A

Impaired reabsorption in proximal tubule

26
Q

What are the effects of Fanconi syndrome?

A

Metabolic acidosis
Hypophosphatemia

27
Q

What is the defect in Bartter syndrome?

A

NKCC2 cotransporter

28
Q

What are the effects of Bartter syndrome?

A

Metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia

29
Q

What is the defect in Gitelman syndrome?

A

Na/Cl transporter in DCT

30
Q

What are the effects of Gitelman syndrome?

A

Metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia

31
Q

What is the defect in Liddle syndrome?

A

Overactive ENaC in collecting ducts

32
Q

What are the effects of Liddle syndrome?

A

Metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Hypertension
Hypoaldosteronism

33
Q

What are lost when using osmotic diuretics?

A

Unabsorbed sugars, sodium, water

34
Q

What is the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in the kidney?

A

Decreased reabsorption of HCO3-
Decreased Na/H exchange

35
Q

What is lost when using loop diuretics?

A

Calcium
Potassium
Water

36
Q

What is lost when using thiazide-like diuretics?

A

Potassium

37
Q

What group of diuretics are calcium sparing?

A

Thiazide-like diuretics

38
Q

What is the primary action of diuretics?

A

Decrease plasma osmolality

39
Q

What is the secondary action of diuretics?

A

Increase water excretion

Renal I (5 decks)

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