Tuberculosis Flashcards
Pathophysiology
Aerobic - most likely at apices of lungs
Slow growing - hence treatment is long
Thick fatty cell wall
Who is more prone?
Those from high prevalence countries , HIV positive, immunocompromised
Outcome of infection
Swing between
Infection - virulence & number
Susceptibility - age, immunosuppression, nutrition, genetics
Aetiology
Bacteria - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovis, africanum, leprae
Transmission
Airborne - sneezes, yells, coughs
Symptoms
Cough
Fevere
Sweats
Weight loss
Primary infection
Mycobateria spread to hilar lymph nodes. May cause scars or calcify
Symptoms of primary infection
Fever, malaise
Primary infection can be
3 things
Progressive
Cleared
Latent
Primary infection can lead to
Tuberculous Bronchopneumonia
- enlarged hilar lymph nodes which can compress bronchi, lobar collapse
Milliary Tuberculosis
- spread of bacteria to multiple organs
Post primary disease
2 reasons
- bacteria is in dormant stage with low or no replication at all
- balanced state between replication and apoptosis
Active pulmonary TB
Primary TB:
- lymphadenopathy
- pleural effusion
- milliary
Investigations
Sputum sample
Bronchoscopy with BAL
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with biopsy
Lumbar puncture in CNS TB
Urine in urogenital TB
Aspirate/biopsy from tissue ( lymph-node, bone, joint, brain, abscess)
Treatment
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
How do you need to administer drugs?
2 for 4 months AND 4 for 2 months
